Problems of Chemistry and Sustainable Development

PATTERNS OF CHARGE TRANS TRANSPORT IN CONJUGATED POLYAMINOARENES (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION)

2025-02-26T10:33:45+02:00

The issue of charge transfer in thin layers of organic semiconductors based on conjugated polyaminoarenes (polyaniline and its derivatives), due to the presence of free charge carriers in their structure, determines wide application of these materials in the “high technology” fields, namely highly efficient electronic devices of the new generation: systems of recording and saving information flexible sensors, biosensors, supercapacitors, antistatic and antiradar coatings, solar cells, organic displays, environmental monitoring systems, food analysis, alternative energy sources. Conjugated polyaminoarenes, in particular polyaniline and its derivatives, have their own electronic conductivity and act as electrically conductive fillers in composites with polymer matrices of various structures. The electrical properties of conjugated polyaminoarenes based on polyaniline (PAn), poly-ortho-toluidine (PoTI), and polyanisidine (PoA) were studied. The influence of the structure of aminoarenes, the nature of doping agents (strong mineral acids), the degree of doping on the conductivity parameters, as well as the patterns of charge transport for conjugated polyaminoarenes, namely: PAn, PoTI, PoA, was studied. Based on the linear dependence of the specific conductivity of the studied samples in the temperature range of 293−403 K, the activation energy of charge transport in a given temperature range was calculated, depending on the nature of the polyaminoarene, which was εσ = 0.0660 ± 0.012 eV, εσ = 0.267 ± 0,015 eV, εσ = 0.32 ± 0.01 eV for PAn, PoTI, PoA, respectively. Using EPR spectroscopy at a temperature of 273 K, the effect of the nature of the substituents on the main parameters of the EPR spectra (g-factor value, line width, degree of signal asymmetry, spin density) was determined, which confirms the opinion of spin localization with charge redistribution for substituted polyaminarenes.

ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF WATER RESOURCES OF KYIV REGION

2025-02-26T10:37:51+02:00

Continuous monitoring of water resources is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and protecting the environment. Water pollution by heavy metals poses a significant global threat due to their high toxicity to living organisms, even at low concentrations. Therefore, reliable and accurate detection of heavy metals in water is essential to ensure its safety. The research was conducted at an accredited testing laboratory of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The study aimed to assess the content of chemical elements, particularly heavy metals, in water samples from various sources in the Kyiv region. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), known for its high precision and sensitivity, was utilized. Sources of heavy metal pollution include industrial emissions, agrochemicals, and improper waste disposal, contributing to the accumulation of these elements in the environment, especially in air, soil, and water. Effective detection of heavy metals in water is critical for quality control. Research conducted in the Kyiv region revealed that the concentrations of metals such as cobalt, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, arsenic, and mercury are within acceptable limits. The findings confirm that water quality complies with ecological standards and is safe for consumption. The study’s results enable the development of effective water resource management strategies aimed at reducing the risks of heavy metal pollution and ensuring ecological safety. Regular monitoring allows for timely detection of changes in water bodies and helps prevent potential threats to human health and ecosystems. This indicates a stable ecological state of the region’s water resources. The water is suitable for use without the immediate need for reducing the concentrations of these metals.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF SYNTHESIS ON THE TOXICITY AND EFFICIENCY OF NEW BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS BASED ON THIENOPYRIMIDINES

2025-02-26T10:47:41+02:00

The second most common fatal disease in the world is cancer, the development of which is mediated by various physiological mechanisms, so the scientific approach to the synthesis of biologically active compounds for the treatment of cancer includes the understanding of new, specific biological targets and their correlation with this disease. In this aspect, thienopyridines and purine bioisosteres, which have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, are of interest. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate new approaches to synthesising thienopyridines and their influence on new compounds’ biological activity and toxicity. For this purpose, a theoretical study with elements of a scientific literature review was conducted using the PRISMA criterion. The scientific novelty of the work is to summarise the available heterogeneous data on the influence of the structure of synthesised thienopyridines on their activity and the known explanations of possible mechanisms of such influence. The study showed that the most attractive from the scientific point of view is the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine backbone, which is further modified by synthesising tricyclic structures, ‘grafting’ substituents of more complex structure to thienopyridine backbones, which in turn can be substituted, and creating hybrid molecules, for example, conjugates, each fragment of which has its biological activity. Moreover, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity are influenced by the type of a particular substituent, its ability to be an electron donor or acceptor, a combination of dissimilar substituents, as one substituent can reduce the activity of another, and the substitution site. Scientific studies show that substitution with dissimilar substituents in the same position can produce different cytotoxic effects and biological activity. Developing biologically active compounds based on thienopyridines for cancer treatment and new synthesis methods requires a serious interdisciplinary approach involving specialists in organic synthesis, organic molecule design, biology and pharmacology.

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 3-ARYL-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROTHIAZOLO[3,2-a][1,3]DIAZEPINES

2025-02-26T10:51:25+02:00

The 1,3-diazepine core is part of many biologically active compounds, for instance, the natural product coformycin with antiviral and anticancer effects, the anticancer drug pentostatin, and the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam. Our analysis of literature sources showed that thiazolo[3,2-a][1,3]diazepines, which have proven potential anticonvulsant agents and inhibitors of platelet aggregation, have received increased attention from scientists in recent decades. The short-acting hypnotic HIE-124 is worth noting among them which has the potential to be used with sodium thiopental to maintain anesthesia for a longer period. The subject of the presented research is the synthesis and assessment of antioxidant activity of 3-aryl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2-a][1,3]diazepines. 1,3-Diazepane-2-thione was used as a basic substrate in a cyclocondensation reaction with α-bromoacetophenones to obtain the target 3-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2-a][1,3]diazepines. The composition and structure of the synthesized derivatives was reliably proven by a set of physical and chemical analyses, including 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analysis data. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized 3-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2-a][1,3]diazepines was assessed by the inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The screening results showed that all derivatives are characterized by promising antioxidant activity with radical absorption level of 90.6 – 97.6 %. The highest rate of inhibition was demonstrated by 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2-a][1,3]diazepine 6 (I = 97.6 %), and the lowest by 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2-a][1,3]diazepine 4 (I = 90.6 %).

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 2-(S-METHYLKETOARYL)BENZIMIDAZOLES AND 3-ARYLBENZ[4,5]IMIDAZO[2,1-b]THIAZOLES

2025-02-26T10:58:06+02:00

The benzimidazole derivative is one of the most promising types of condensed heterocyclic compounds that are widely used in modern medical and pharmaceutical chemistry. Structural modification of the benzimidazole framework with biooriented fragments made this heterocycle versatile, with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. Among such derivatives, numerous benzimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole compounds, which are both drugs and drug candidates, should be noted. Recently, promising agents with antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antiviral, anthelmintic and anti-cancer effects have been discovered among them. The high antioxidant activity of 2H-benz[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b] [1,3]thiazin-4(3H)-one against the stable DPPH radical is known, with the inhibition level of 73 %. Thus, studying the antioxidant activity of its new representatives remains a priority task. The work is devoted to the study of the antiradical properties of 3-arylbenz[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles 4a-h obtained by polyphosphoric acid-initiated cyclization of 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)thio)-1-(phenyl-substituted)ethanones 3a-h. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition method. The results of the experiment showed that at a concentration of 5 mM 2-{(1H-benz[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio}-1- arylethanones 3a-h demonstrate significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to their cyclic analogues — 3-arylbenz[ 4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles 4. Inhibition of DPPH radicals by compounds 3a-h ranges from 80.0 % to 95.6 %, while for compounds 4a-h this varies from 46.7 % to 90.2 %. The highest antioxidant activity was shown by 2-{(1H-benz[d]imidazol- 2-yl)thio}-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone 3d (I = 95.6 %), which is fully consistent with literature data for compounds that contain a phenol fragment.

MODELLING PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL COMPETENCE IN FUTURE MANAGERS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2025-02-26T12:07:53+02:00

The article deals with the pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of financial competence in future managers of secondary education institutions. Attention is focused on the importance of forming financial literacy as a component of the professional training of future educational managers. The paper outlines the main directions in which effective pedagogical conditions can be created for the development of financial skills in students, in particular through interactive teaching methods, including the case method, simulation games and the use of modern information technologies. The article also emphasises the importance of developing specialised curricula that meet the needs of managers of educational institutions and take into account the realities of financial activity in the context of modern economic changes. The use of modern digital tools and software for modelling financial processes plays a significant role in the formation of financial competence of future managers. This approach allows students to master the key aspects of financial management, including planning and forecasting of the institution’s budget, efficient allocation of financial resources, and cost analysis. The article highlights the importance of multimedia resources and online courses as elements of learning activities that allow future managers of educational institutions to acquire relevant knowledge and skills in real time. In addition, the necessity of using interactive approaches to actively involve students in the learning process, which increases their motivation and ability to apply knowledge in financial management, is considered. Modelling pedagogical conditions that promote the development of financial competence is an important step in training effective managers for educational institutions that are able to adapt to economic challenges and ensure the financial sustainability of organisations in difficult conditions. The article outlines the key pedagogical tools and methods that promote a holistic approach to the development of financial competence, which in turn ensures the sustainable development of educational institutions in a changing economic situation.

PRACTICAL STRATEGIES FOR USING SITUATIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE TACTICS IN TRAINING FUTURE PEDIATRIC DENTISTS FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION

2025-02-26T12:11:07+02:00

It has been established that in modern conditions, increased social and psychological demands are placed on the personality of future pediatric dentists. The most important of them is mastering the skills of interpersonal professional interaction, without which solving the problem of improving the quality of life and social functioning of patients is impossible. The outlined skills acquire particular importance in the professional activities of pediatric dentists when considering issues related to patient compliance, during preventive and rehabilitation work, as well as within the framework of conflict situations. The success of future pediatric dentists in interpersonal professional interaction is ensured by a combination of professional knowledge and communication skills as psychological properties of the dentist’s personality. The aim of the article is to reflect effective practical strategies for using situational and communicative tactics in training future pediatric dentists for professional interaction. The use of situational and communicative tactics in the training of future pediatric dentists for professional interaction was based on the creation of complex communicative situations, the formation of professional interaction skills by simulating natural communication between a doctor and a patient. It is summarized that the use of situational and communicative tactics in the training of future pediatric dentists for professional interaction ensures that students acquire a number of practical skills, in particular: collecting information to build long-term partnerships; interacting with patients depending on their type; culture of behavior in the process of professional interaction; conducting a motivating conversation; professionally informing the patient; using psychotherapeutic techniques for self-regulation of one’s own emotional state.

PREPARING FUTURE TEACHERS FOR THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF NETWORKED EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION

2025-02-26T12:23:40+02:00

Modern digitalisation processes highlight the need to transform teaching activities in new conditions – within a networked educational environment that utilises digital technologies and tools. The integration of digital learning tools requires systemic changes in the preparation of future teachers, manifesting in the transformation of pedagogical activities, demanding the consideration of principles of digital didactics, methods, and techniques of networked educational communication. It is substantiated that digitalisation processes drive new educational demands for teachers to be trained for professional activities within networked educational communication. This underscores the necessity of revising and updating the professional training of future teachers at both the substantive and instrumental levels, taking into account the digitalisation process. It is summarised that networked educational communication transforms the electronic educational environment for interaction between future teachers and students, the principles of structuring educational material, and facilitates the expansion of digital tools and technologies. Within the scope of the article, new roles for future teachers are defined in the context of digitalisation of the educational environment (future teacher ↔ student or group of students; future teacher ↔ digital technologies and tools ↔ student or group of students; future teacher ↔ digital technologies and tools – as an architect of digital learning tools and a developer of digital educational environments). The didactic features of the pedagogical activities of future teachers in the conditions of networked educational communication are revealed (implementation of new forms, content, and networked learning tools). The primary outcome of preparing future teachers to use digital technologies in networked educational communication is determined by their readiness to search for and evaluate online educational materials, create visually engaging materials, use social networks for professional development, distribute high-quality educational resources; create and disseminate multimedia content; and use online tools to implement modern pedagogical practices.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF FOLKLORE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE CULTURAL STUDIES PROFESSIONALS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

2025-02-26T12:27:17+02:00

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of folklore competence of future cultural studies specialists in the process of their professional training. Folkloristic competence is interpreted as an integral quality of a personality, which includes a system of knowledge, skills and abilities to analyse, interpret and popularise folklore, as well as a value attitude towards cultural heritage. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the need to preserve and reproduce cultural traditions in the modern globalised world, where folklore is an important element of national identity. Attention is focused on the role of an integrative approach to the professional training of cultural studies, which involves a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical activities. The methodological basis of the study is based on axiological, integrative, activity and acmeological approaches that provide a systematic approach to the formation of folklore competence. The study identified pedagogical conditions that contribute to the effective learning of cultural studies by students, in particular: integration of Ukrainian and foreign traditions into the curriculum; use of innovative teaching methods; creation of a creative environment for the promotion of folklore. The results of the study show that a systematic approach to the formation of folklore competence of future cultural studies specialists contributes to their professional training and the formation of a sustainable interest in the national cultural heritage. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of educational and methodological materials that can be used in the process of professional training of cultural studies specialists.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF JOURNALISM STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

2025-02-26T12:29:47+02:00

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of intercultural communication on the development of social and communication competence of journalism students in the process of their professional training. In today’s globalised society, the ability to interact effectively with representatives of different cultures is becoming a key component of successful journalism. Social and communication competence allows journalism students to create quality content adapted to the needs of different audiences, avoid intercultural conflicts and create a positive image of the media. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach, which includes an analysis of the theoretical provisions of intercultural communication, a comparison of existing models of social and communication competence development in curricula, and an empirical study of the practices of integrating intercultural communication into the educational process of journalism students. The methods used in the study were content analysis, survey and observation. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify the main factors that influence the development of students’ social and communication competence in the process of their interaction with representatives of other cultures and to substantiate the importance of integrating intercultural communication into journalism curricula. The analysis of existing studies shows that insufficient attention is paid to the practical implementation of intercultural aspects in the training of journalists, which makes it important to develop new approaches to the formation of the necessary competences. The article examines key aspects of intercultural communication, such as adaptation to a multicultural environment, consideration of language and cultural barriers, use of modern technologies in communication processes, and approaches to assessing the level of social and communication competence. Examples of successful practices of integrating intercultural communication into the educational process, including through intercultural projects, trainings, and the use of social media, are provided. The conclusions emphasise that the formation of socio-communication competence is a multidimensional process that requires the systematic integration of intercultural communication into journalism curricula. The results of the study may be useful for teachers, students, and practitioners seeking to improve the effectiveness of intercultural interaction in a professional environment.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMING GENDER COMPETENCE OF FUTURE MANAGERS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2025-02-26T12:38:47+02:00

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of gender competence of future managers of general secondary education institutions in the context of modern socio-cultural changes. The essence of the concept of “gender competence” is clarified, which is defined as an integrated ability of a personality that combines knowledge, skills, value orientations and attitudes aimed at creating an equal and inclusive educational environment. The structure of gender competence is characterised, which includes cognitive, emotional, value and behavioural components that are interrelated and affect the effectiveness of the professional activity of managers in the field of education. The author substantiates the expediency of integrating a gender approach into educational programmes for training educational managers, which involves the introduction of specialised courses, trainings on the development of gender sensitivity, and the introduction of practice-oriented teaching methods. It is determined that the formation of gender competence of future managers requires a systematic approach that takes into account both theoretical training and practical activities, in particular the use of case methods, role-playing games, gender audit in the educational process. The article also presents the results of an empirical study aimed at determining the level of gender competence among students of pedagogical higher education institutions. The main difficulties faced by future managers in the process of acquiring gender competence are identified and ways to overcome them are outlined. Practical recommendations for improving the educational and methodological support for the professional training of future managers of general secondary education institutions are proposed, which will help to improve the quality of management and create a gendersensitive environment in educational institutions.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL SCIENCESFOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2025-02-26T12:43:20+02:00

The article analyzes foreign experience in training future teachers of chemistry and natural sciences (USA, Canadian and European models). A number of important areas were identified that should become decisive for the forecasting and development of pedagogical education in Ukraine, taking into account the realities and tasks of modern society, namely: 1) integration processes are being strengthened in the system of training future teachers of chemistry and natural sciences, as well as in the system of higher education in general, the result of which should be the formation of a single educational space, strengthening the integration potential of the components of the educational process in higher education institutions; 2) other types of training of future teachers emerge in the system of professional education (parallel, sequential and alternative models) which complement the existing system, while partially preserving the traditional model (theoretical training and pedagogical practice are mandatory); alternative options for training teachers are intensively sought for under the programs of a licensed and versatile teacher; 3) national qualification frameworks are being developed and improved, as the basis on which professional standards and educational programs are created, and criteria for assessing learning outcomes are established; 4) various practically oriented models of training future chemistry teachers are being created and introduced, in particular the “clinical model”, “school of professional development”, and the model of on-the-job training; 5) the main concept is to transition from the predominance of theory and philosophy in teacher training to strengthening the practical component through the expansion of pedagogical practice and diversification of formats for its organization. This includes close partnership with secondary education institutions and the transition to continuous multi-level pedagogical education; 6) the transformation of the educational process includes the introduction of the latest technologies, modernization of approaches to organizing classes and active use of hybrid teaching methods for teacher training; educational programs are being adapted to modern needs, enriched with interactive and digital tools, which ensures high-quality and effective education.

METHODOLOGICAL METHODS OF ENSURING THE UNITY OF TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHILOLOGICAL SPECIALITIES ON THE BASIS OF THE PRAXEOLOGICAL APPROACH

2025-02-26T12:46:17+02:00

The strategy of modern higher education is aimed at developing a national model of education focused on the formation of a creative personality, accumulation of intellectual capital, and transition from the ‘Education for All’ model to the ‘Education for Everyone’ model. It is not for nothing that the current decade has been recognised by the United Nations as the century of civilisations. The Council of Europe has also declared the twenty-first century the Year of Languages. Language and speech define human consciousness and enable us to preserve and transmit our culture and customs. Despite the traditional values and cultural codes that a language preserves, it should also be noted that it influences the consciousness and worldview of people who speak and think in it. All this has made it necessary to update the training of future teachers of philological specialities as native speakers and translators of language and speech. It has been established that the essence and specificity of pedagogical philological education with the aim of forming the professional competence of future teachers of philological specialities necessitate the use of the educational potential of innovative teaching technologies. It has been generalised that the unity of traditions and innovations in the training of future teachers of philological specialities on the basis of the praxeological approach is ensured by the following technologies: CLIL technology, ‘Flipped Classroom’ technology, case technology, IBLL technology, simulation game technology, which allow to study various aspects of the culture of the target language. The potential of the selected technologies lies in the use of interactive ways and means for future teachers of philological specialities to master various aspects of culture, atypical skills of communication interaction and solving problems of professional and pedagogical communication, as well as awareness of the possibility of effective use of these technologies in the philological education of students of general secondary education institutions.

THE POTENTIAL OF PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE IN DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY SPECIALISTS

2025-02-26T12:49:45+02:00

In modern society, in the education market and the labour market, professional competences are the focus across all specialties. It is professional competence and its development that determine the level of effective and high-quality preparation of future specialists, including those in computer technologies. The personality of a modern competent specialist, particularly specialists in computer technologies as professional education teachers, is characterised by the ability to adapt professionally, the potential for professional growth, mobility, and the ability to develop and respond quickly in various pedagogical situations; critical thinking skills; the ability to work with diverse information; and prognostic and analytical abilities to successfully solve professional tasks. Solving this issue is possible through strengthening the practical aspect of professional competence development. It has been established that practical experience is one of the key components of the educational process in preparing future teachers of professional education. It has been summarised that practice in forming the professional competence of future specialists in computer technologies is simultaneously considered as the environment for future professional activity; a space for the personal development of the future teacher-researcher within the system of professional and scientific relationships; an indicator of graduates’ training quality; and an integrated type of activity that combines theoretical, practical, and research aspects. In summary, pedagogical practice plays a key role in the formation and development of professional competence among future professional education teachers, ensuring the combination of theoretical training with practical activities in institutions of vocational (vocational-technical) education. Within the framework of pedagogical practice, targeted skills are formed and developed, enabling students, based on acquired knowledge and skills, to conduct competent analyses of professional tasks and effectively build strategies and tactics for solving them.

CONTENT AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

2025-02-26T12:53:24+02:00

Digitisation and informatisation of the vocational education system as a response to the demand for specialists ready for continuous self-improvement and using modern digital technologies in professional activities has two key directions. The first direction is the equipping of vocational (vocational-technical) education institutions’ educational process with the necessary material-technical and software resources required for forming students’ skills to work with them in future professional activities and creating conditions for the active development of information competence of professionalpedagogical staff in the process of their professional training. It has been concluded that in the context of transformations, future specialists in digital technologies as vocational education teachers must simultaneously possess knowledge, skills, and abilities related to hardware and software components, digital skills (hard skills) and personal characteristics (soft skills). It has been established that the information competence of a vocational educator reflects the ability to effectively work with different types of information, information technologies, and resources and the ability to choose the optimal methods of their application in educational activities to achieve the best results in the educational process and improve student success. The structural components of the information competence of future specialists in digital technologies are motivational, cognitive, operational-activity, and reflexive components. It is generalised that the information competence of future specialists in digital technologies as vocational educators enables the implementation of the educational process based on modern electronic tools that intensify educational activities in harmonious combination with traditional teaching methods. However, the realisation of these plans is impossible without the joint efforts of the triad – higher education institutions, teachers, and students.

ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY IN THE ZAPORIZHZHYA CITY

2025-02-26T11:13:15+02:00

The article is devoted to the results of the study of the state of atmospheric air in the Zaporizhzhia city by measuring the content of pollutants at the stationary posts of the state system of atmospheric air monitoring. In the atmosphere of the Zaporizhzhia city, the concentrations of pollutants exceeds the average daily values of maximum permissible concentrations. Therefore, the aim of the work was to assess the state of atmospheric air in the Zaporizhia city for the period 2016–2024, in particular during quarantine and martial law. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze the state of atmospheric air pollution in the Zaporizhzhia city, to calculate the complex index of atmospheric pollution, to determine the contribution of each of the main pollutants to the overall level of atmospheric pollution. The results of the state atmospheric air monitoring system in the Zaporizhzhia city were analyzed for the following substances: carbon oxide (II), dust, formaldehyde, phenol, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide (II), sulfur dioxide. The article calculated the complex index of atmospheric pollution, the highest level of which is observed at stations located in the city center in close proximity to the main industrial complex and reaches 8–1.2, which corresponds to a high level of pollution. The calculation of the ratio of average annual concentrations of pollutants to average daily maximum permissible concentrations indicates their constant excess for such substances as nitrogen dioxide, phenol and formaldehyde. Pollution dynamics reflect a decline during the pandemic and war, and a return to previous levels from 2023, when emissions increased due to the recovery of production and transportation. The obtained results indicate an insufficient number of observation posts, which complicates the effective determination of sources of pollution and the implementation of measures to improve the quality of atmospheric air.

MONITORING OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE FOREST RESOUCES OF THE BRANCH “RAFALIV FORESTRY” OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE “FORESTS OF UKRAINE”

2025-02-26T11:22:10+02:00

Forestry has always played an important role in the development of regions. Forest resources are one of the key natural resources used to meet material, recreational and cultural needs. Forests are an important climatic element, a living filter of our planet. Thanks to its ecosystem, the forest directly affects the climate, water quality, availability of clean air, soil and agricultural land protection. Forest conservation is aimed at ensuring the stability of ecological processes in the regions and optimizing disturbed natural ecosystems, at preserving the gene pool of rare plant species and associations, as well as animal life, at developing and improving the recreational use of territories. The scientific study of the structure of territories and their location and role in the natural resource potential is important and stems from their special value as environment-forming and naturecreating natural complexes with a high level of landscape and biological diversity. It is possible to solve this multifaceted problem of environmental protection only on the basis of long-term environmental research, study of quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of natural ecosystems and their components. In the work, a study of the structure and ecological parameters of the forest fund of the Branch “Rafaliv Forestry” of the State Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” was carried out, an analysis of the organization and management of forestry in the territory of the studied region was carried out, an assessment of the reproduction and protection of the company’s forests was carried out. Structured data and dynamics of the main statistical characteristics of the economic activity of forestry in relation to the rational use and further reproduction of the forest fund and forest reserves, afforestation, preservation and improvement of their sanitary, hygienic, protective and aesthetic functions.

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDIZATION OF WATER QUALITY IN REPRESENTATIVE SECTIONS OF THE DNIESTER RIVER

2025-02-26T11:27:43+02:00

The development of environmental standards that will limit anthropogenic pressure on natural and modified water bodies of Ukraine and improve their environmental safety is a prerequisite for the preservation and restoration of their aquatic ecosystems. The scientific substantiation and establishment of ecological norms for surface water quality was carried out on the example of representative sites in the Dniester River basin (near the towns of Zalishchyky and Mohyliv- Podilskyi), which differ in physical and geographical location, natural conditions of water quality formation, level of anthropogenic pressure and different sectoral distribution of water use. The basis for the development of ecological norms was the results of an environmental assessment of water quality at selected design levels: 1964, 1973, 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2021 which were similar in terms of water content (average and close to average water content). The spatial and temporal specificity of natural conditions and anthropogenic factors of water quality formation in the represented sections of the Dniester River was studied to substantiate the values of ecological norms. The optimal and permissible values of the ecological water quality norms (EN(o) and EN(d)) of the Dniester River in the area of Zalishchyky and Mohyliv-Podilskyi for 21 priority indicators (in absolute values and categories). They are grouped into blocks: salt composition (3 indicators), tropho-saprobiological (10 indicators) and specific substances of toxic effect (8 indicators). The block indices (I1, I2, I3) for EN(o) and EN(o) were determined. It is determined that the optimal values most fully correspond to the natural characteristics of water quality and are most desirable in water protection activities, while the permissible values reflect the inevitable deviations of water quality indicators towards deterioration due to the instability of environmental conditions. The current state of water quality in representative sections of the Dniester River was studied to determine whether it meets the developed ecological norms, whether the background level of pollution is exceeded, and a list of priority substances that need to be controlled was identified.

METHODICAL APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SUPPORT AND ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2025-02-26T11:31:18+02:00

Objective. To develop methodological approaches to information support and assessment of sustainable development in the region and to test them using the example of the ecological state of the Volyn region. Methods. The methodological foundation of sustainable development assessment is based on a systematic approach, emphasizing the interconnection of indicators characterizing the social, economic, and ecological development of a region. The testing of the methodology employs a set of key indicators for the ecological subsystem. The assessment methodology encompasses three levels of indicator aggregation: basic indicators reflecting the state of the ecological subsystem of the region based on statistical data; aggregated indicators derived from multiple basic indicators, enabling the assessment of related groups (macro-indicators) within the subsystem; integrated indicators formed from aggregated indicators, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological subsystem’s condition. Regression models were developed to analyze the dependencies between indicator changes over time. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used as a criterion for evaluating the model’s reliability and its ability to explain indicator variation. Results. The article advances methodical approaches for assessing regional sustainable development by integrating systematic and hierarchical approaches with a multi-level structure for aggregating basic indicators. This development is based on a review and synthesis of the work of domestic and international scholars. The methodology for sustainable development assessment was tested using the ecological state of Volyn region. Aggregated indicators of the ecological subsystem include: air quality; land and nature reserves; water resource utilization; drinking water quality; and waste management. Results of ecological development modeling for Volyn region are presented, including regression equations and R2 values, based on the analysis of 23 indicators. The results demonstrate medium to high levels of the coefficient of determination, validating the models’ suitability for forecasting. Calculations show that after normalizing the basic indicators and aggregating them into integrated indicators, the ecological development index (I1) for Volyn region is evaluated as satisfactory, with a value of 0.59. Conclusions. The regression analysis identified key patterns and trends in the ecological subsystem of Volyn region during 2000–2020. Notably, there is a gradual improvement in air and water quality, while land resource conditions and waste management remain challenging. The high R2 values of the regression models confirm the reliability of the results and their applicability for regional development forecasting. The integrated ecological development indicator for Volyn region allows its state to be assessed as satisfactory. These findings are significant for forming sustainable development strategies for Volyn Region, highlighting key areas for interventions aimed at balancing social, economic, and ecological components.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS ON HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE GENERAL ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE TRUBIZH RIVER

2025-02-26T11:36:48+02:00

The article deals with the issue of correlation analysis of the influence of external factors on the hydrochemical composition of the Trubizh River in the conditions of an urbanised environment within the city of Pereyaslav. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between climatic and biological factors in order to identify the key factors determining the variation component of hydrochemical parameters. An integrated approach to the analysis was implemented, which included the use of a number of analytical methods and quantitative analysis. The following methods were used to assess the quality of the surface water of the Trubizh River: Winkler’s iodometric titration to quantify the dissolved oxygen content, Kubel’s permanganate oxidation to analyse the concentration of organic compounds, Mohr’s argentometry to determine the level of chloride ions, complexometric titration to assess the total hardness of the water, acid-base titration to analyse the temporary hardness and total acidity, and a qualitative method to determine the concentration of iron. These methods provided comprehensive information on the chemical composition and water quality of the Trubizh River. The analysis of the surface water of the Trubizh River has provided new scientific results that significantly expand the existing knowledge in the field of environmental monitoring of water resources, providing up-to-date data on changes in the chemical composition of the water, which requires measures to optimise the impact of agricultural practices and industrial emissions on the watercourse. It has been found that an increase in the concentration of elements stimulates the active development of phytoplankton, leading to a decrease in the oxygen regime and a deterioration in the conditions for most aquatic organisms. The phenomenon of local “blooming” of the water was recorded, which is an indicator of massive development of phytoplankton on the surface of the reservoir. It was confirmed that the quality of the surface water of the Trubizh River is subject to significant biotic and abiotic factors.

ASBESTOS IN DEMOLITION WASTE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF SAFE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION

2025-02-26T11:41:07+02:00

Objective of the study. The war in Ukraine has caused an unprecedented level of destruction of residential, public and industrial infrastructure, which, in turn, has led to the formation of a huge amount of waste from destruction. This waste has a diverse composition and includes fragments of concrete, bricks, metal structures, wood, plastic, glass and hazardous materials, among which asbestos-containing components attract particular attention. Asbestos, which has been widely used in the construction industry for decades, has been indispensable for thermal insulation, fire protection and sound insulation. Its use has been widespread in the production of slate, insulation materials, pipes and cladding panels. As a result of the destruction of buildings, these materials disintegrate, releasing dangerous asbestos fibers, which have carcinogenic properties. Getting into the air, water or soil, these particles pose a serious threat to the health of the population and the state of ecosystems. The management of asbestos-containing waste is an important environmental and social problem that requires urgent resolution. The purpose of the study is to analyze the scale of the problem of waste generation from destruction caused by military operations in Ukraine, with a special emphasis on asbestos-containing materials. The main task is to develop approaches to their safe disposal based on international experience and adapt these practices to Ukrainian realities, taking into account the difficult environmental situation, lack of infrastructure and the needs for rapid recovery of the regions. Methodology. To achieve the goal, a comprehensive approach was applied, which includes the study of literature and regulatory framework for the management of asbestos-containing waste in the countries of the European Union, the study of the composition and properties of waste from destruction caused by military actions, with a focus on materials containing asbestos, the assessment of environmental and social risks associated with hazardous waste, and the adaptation of European practices to the conditions of Ukraine through the development of recommendations that take into account the limitations of local infrastructure. Scientific novelty. The novelty of the work is in the systematic analysis of the consequences of military actions for the formation of asbestos-containing waste, consideration of European practices for handling such waste in the context of their application in Ukraine, and formulation of recommendations that take into account the specifics of wartime and its consequences, including the creation of a system for monitoring the impact of waste on public health and the environment. Conclusions. As a result of military operations in Ukraine, a significant amount of demolition waste was generated, among which asbestos-containing materials pose a particular threat due to the carcinogenic properties of the released fibers. Safe management of such waste requires an integrated approach, including detection, sorting, transportation, processing and disposal. European experience in managing asbestos-containing waste can be integrated into Ukrainian realities, provided that the necessary infrastructure is created and the legislative framework is improved. The proposed measures will help minimize environmental risks and ensure the safety of the population, as well as accelerate the restoration of destroyed territories.

ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL REFORESTATION IN THE ZVIRIV FORESTRY

2025-02-26T11:56:15+02:00

Reproduction of forests is an integral part of Zvirivske Forestry’s activities aimed at preserving the unique natural wealth. Forests not only provide the necessary balance of ecosystems, but also shelter many species of flora and fauna that form biodiversity. The aim of the study is to investigate the processes of forest reproduction in Zviriv forestry as a key element of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. The main aspects of forest restoration and biodiversity conservation include the characterization of reforestation methods, the impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on forest ecosystems, and the determination of the effectiveness of forest conservation and restoration measures. To study forest reproduction in Zvirivske forestry, we analyzed the state of forest areas, including: 1) inventory of areas in need of reforestation, including areas, soil conditions soils, availability of mother trees for natural regeneration; 2) study of restoration methods, such as natural and artificial regeneration, with an assessment of their effectiveness; 3) monitoring of conditions for reforestation, including climatic and economic factors affecting forest regeneration; 4) calculating the needs for planting material required for forest crops and supplementing existing plantations. The research was conducted in the period from 2020 to 2024. For the first time, we studied and systematized the processes of forest reproduction in Zviriv forestry. The work used modern methods of analyzing environmental conditions, including assessing the effectiveness of natural and artificial forest restoration. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of areas requiring reforestation measures, with the distribution of areas for natural regeneration and artificial planting. For the first time, forest crops were systematized depending on soil conditions, ecosystem type, and adaptive potential of seedlings. The results of the study indicate that Zvirivske Forestry applies environmentally sound approaches to forest reproduction without using chemicals, preserving natural balance and contributing to the increase of biodiversity. This allows for effective restoration of forest cover, ensuring the sustainability of ecosystems and achieving the strategic goals of sustainable development of the region. Forest reproduction in Zvirivske Forestry demonstrates an integrated approach to restoring and maintaining forest ecosystems, taking into account environmental, economic and strategic factors.

DETERMINATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE STUDENT CAMPUS OF WEST UKRAINIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

2025-02-26T12:01:46+02:00

Drinking water quality is a critically important aspect of ensuring comfortable living and learning conditions for students in higher education institutions. This study analyzed the physicochemical parameters of water in three educational buildings on the campus of West Ukrainian National University, with a particular focus on ammonia, nitrites, sulfates, and chlorides, which can impact consumer health. The goal of this study was to assess the quality of drinking water in the student campus of West Ukrainian National University by analyzing its physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Specifically, the research measured concentrations of ammonia, nitrites, sulfates, and chlorides, assessed their compliance with regulatory standards, and identified potential sources of contamination. The research was conducted in three educational buildings of the university over three months (September, October, November). Ammonia concentrations were determined using Nessler’s reagent; nitrites were identified with Griess reagent; sulfates were analyzed through reaction with barium chloride, and chlorides were measured by titration with silver nitrate solution using potassium chromate as an indicator. Optical density measurements of samples were performed using a ULAB 102 spectrophotometer. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of drinking water quality in the student campus of West Ukrainian National University, focusing on the variability of key physicochemical parameters in three educational buildings during the autumn period. The research established a correlation between elevated concentrations of chemical compounds (ammonia, nitrites, chlorides) and possible seasonal or local sources of contamination. The results showed that most chemical parameters (ammonia, nitrites, sulfates, chlorides) in drinking water met regulatory standards. However, elevated concentrations of ammonia (0.47 mg/L) and nitrites (0.434 mg/L) were recorded in Building 2, indicating the need for enhanced monitoring. The highest chloride level (0.868 mg/L) was also detected in Building 2, which may be associated with local contamination sources. Overall, the study highlighted the importance of regular water supply monitoring to minimize risks associated with chemical contamination of drinking water.