Problems of Chemistry and Sustainable Development

NON-CENTROSYMMETRIC SELENIDES R3Ag0.45Ga1.52Se7 (R – La, Ce, Pr AND Nd)

Nazarii BLASHKO, Oleg MARCHUK — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Selenides of the composition R3Ag0.45Ga1.52Se7 (R = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) were obtained by sintering the elementary components in evacuated quartz containers at 1320 K, with homogenizing annealing of the alloys at 770 K for 500 hours. The crystal structure of the selenides La3Ag0.45Ga1.52Se7 (a = 10.5959(5) Å, c = 6.3684(5) Å, RI = 0.0912, Rp = 0.2155), Ce3Ag0.45Ga1.52Se7 (a = 10.4484(10) Å, c = 6.3489(8) Å, RI = 0.0998, Rp = 0.2363), Pr3Ag0.45Ga1.52Se7 (a = 10.4419(9) Å, c = 6.3747(7) Å, RI = 0.0855, Rp = 0.1740) and Nd3Ag0.45Ga1.52Se7 (a = 10.3059(5) Å, c = 6.3798(5) Å, RI = 0.0996, Rp = 0.2174) was studied by powder diffractometry. Their structure belongs to the structural type La3CuSiS7 (SG P63; SP hP24). The rare-earth atoms in this structure are located in the 6c site (x y z) and center trigonal prisms of selenium atoms with one additional atom [R 3Se13Se21Se3] (CN = 7). Ga atoms occupy the 2a site (0 0 z) and center octahedra of selenium atoms (CN = 6). The atoms of the statistical mixtures M(0.450Ag + 0.520Ga) are localized in the 2b site (1/3 2/3 z) and have tetrahedral environment of selenium atoms [Ga Se13Se3] (CN = 4). Selenium in the crystal lattice has three atomic positions, Se1, Se2 (6c site) and Se3 (2b site). Trigonal prisms with one additional atom form blocks 3[R 7Se] where the trigonal prisms are interconnected by edges. The Ga-centered octahedra are interconnected by faces and form infinite columns [Ga 6Se]n in the direction of the c axis. Trigonal prisms form common faces with octahedra. The [M 4Se] tetrahedra are isolated from each other, a decrease in the unit cell parameters is observed in the La–Ce–Pr–Nd series due to the size factor of the rare earth elements. Obtained selenides can be used as promising materials for nonlinear optics due to the non-centrosymmetric structure.

GROWTH INHIBITING ACTIVITY OF 2-(2-OXOINDOLINE-3-YLIDENE) SUBSTITUTED 5,6-DIHYDROIMIDAZO[2,1-b]-THIAZOLONES AND 6,7-DIHYDROTHIAZOLO[3,2-a]PYRIMIDINONES

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The work is devoted to the study of the growth-regulatory action of new hydrogenated compounds of the imidazothiazole type – 2-(2-oxoindoline-3-ylidene)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3(2H)-ones and of the thiazolopyrimidine type – 2-(2-oxoindoline-3-ylidene)-6,7-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3(5H)-ones. The synthesized compounds with a predetermined structure were investigated to identify the features of the physiological development of seedlings of the dicotyledonous plant Cucumis sativus. According to the experiment results, it was established that the course of physiological processes in the plant organism is diverse. The ambiguity of the inhibitory effect depends on the concentration of solutions of the studied compounds and their structure. It was shown that when using a 0.1 % solution, in no case was the transition of cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus) from dormancy to the beginning of active life recorded, and the use of compounds in increased doses was accompanied by a high inhibitory effect of the studied compounds, which caused the complete death of the plant organism, as confirmed by the rotting of the seeds. On the other hand, when using solutions of the tested compounds in concentrations of 0.01–0.0001 %, a decreasing inhibitory effect occurs. The most favorable for the growth and development of the plant organism at the early stages of organogenesis were 0.0001 % concentration of working solutions. Given the results obtained, further study of compounds 4a–c, 5a–c is appropriate in the context of their potential use as herbicides for controlling dicotyledonous weeds. Meanwhile, for compound 4g, a more detailed study of its biological activity with an emphasis on its possible use as a plant growth promoter is a promising direction.

IONIC ASSOCIATE OF BENDAZOL WITH METHYL ORANGE AND ITS ANALYTICAL APLICATION

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

It was shown that bendazole (BEN) with methyl orange (MO) forms an ion associate (IA), with the precipitation of which pure compounds were isolated and plasticized membrane potentiometric bendazole-sensitive ion-selective electrodes were created. The possibility of formation of IA is substantiated by the method of computer calculations. Computer calculations of the “MO- + BEN+” systems were performed using the “HyperChem 8.0” program package for various initial combinations of counterion locations («single point» procedure). Geometrical optimization of ions was carried out using the MM+ molecular mechanics method. The standard energy of formation of ions and the associate “BEN+ + MO-” was determined by the semi-empirical PM3 method. The difference in the heat of formation of the ionic associate and the sum of the energies of formation of the cation and anion is 75.4 kJ/mol. This fact substantiates the profitability of the formation of the target compound. On the basis of the obtained IA, plasticized membranes were synthesized and bendazole-sensitive ion-selective electrodes were constructed. The chemical and analytical characteristics of such electrodes are affected by a number of factors, in particular, the properties of plasticizers, the content of the ionic associate in the membrane, etc. The best results were obtained with the use of tricresyl phosphate and dinonyl phthalate. When using other plasticizers, not entirely satisfactory results were obtained. This is most likely related to their dielectric constant and other parameters. At pH 2–5, the best electrodes showed satisfactory functioning. The stability of the potential is 2–3 mV/day and is established in 8–13 seconds. The working life of the developed electrodes is monitored for at least four months. The developed bendazole-sensitive electrodes show reliable results in the presence of a number of substances and ions. show satisfactory selectivity in relation to a number of substances and ions. For the determination of bendazole, a potentiometric determination technique was developed, which was tested in its determination in medicinal forms.

PROGRAMMED SYNTHESIS OF SPINEL-STRUCTURED MANGANITES EXEMPLIFIED BY Zn0.95Co0.05Mn2O4

Serhii NEDILKO, Oleksii IVANOV — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The study investigates the processes of phase composition formation and structural changes in spinels with the composition Zn0.95Co0.05Mn2O4, synthesized via solution combustion synthesis. The primary focus was on examining the influence of thermal treatment temperature (400–1000 °C) on the crystalline structure, phase composition, and bonding characteristics within the crystal lattice. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis with thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Powder X-ray diffraction revealed that the main spinel phase Zn0.95Co0.05Mn2O4 formed even without additional calcination. Thermal treatment improved the crystalline ordering, evidenced by the narrowing of diffraction peaks and the increase in average crystallite size from 6 to 75 nm with rising calcination temperatures. Lattice parameter evaluations indicated a gradual increase in unit cell volume and c/a ratio, suggesting enhanced tetragonal distortion. IR spectroscopy confirmed the absence of organic residues in the precursor after solution combustion and identified characteristic bands for M—O (M = Zn, Co, Mn) vibrational modes in the spinel structure. Increasing calcination temperatures caused the absorption bands to shift towards higher frequencies, attributed to cation ordering and reduced lattice defects. TG/DTA analysis revealed an unusual mass gain (~23 %) up to 800 °C, associated with the oxidation of Mn²+ to Mn³+/ Mn⁴+ and oxygen incorporation into the structure. The absence of distinct exothermic or endothermic peaks indicated gradual phase changes without abrupt thermal events. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with Kubelka-Munk analysis allowed the determination of the bandgap (Eg) for samples calcined between 600 and 1000 °C. The obtained results highlight the significant impact of thermal treatment on the structural and phase characteristics of Zn0.95Co0.05Mn2O4 and provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of spinel phase formation during solution combustion and subsequent thermal treatment.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTION OF NEW HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS BASED ON AMINOTHIOPHENES

Galina RIZAK — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The development of new heterocyclic compounds based on aminothiophenes is one of the priority areas of modern medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Particular attention is paid to this class of compounds due to their wide range of biological activity and potential for the development of new drugs. Aminothiophenes and their derivatives demonstrate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour properties, which makes them promising targets for further research and development of innovative therapeutic agents. The aim of this work is to systematise and critically analyse modern methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on amino thiophenes, as well as to summarise data on their biological activity to identify the most promising areas for further research in this area. Research methodology. The study used a comprehensive approach to the analysis of scientific literature using a systematic review of publications over the past 10 years in leading international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed). A comparative analysis of synthetic methods, including traditional and innovative approaches (microwave synthesis, green chemistry, multicomponent reactions), was carried out. The data on the biological activity of the obtained compounds were systematised using chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between structural modifications of amino thiophenes and their biological activity was carried out. A new classification of methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic aminothiophene derivatives was proposed, taking into account the principles of ‘green chemistry’. Promising structural fragments for the design of new biologically active compounds were identified. Recommendations for optimisation of synthetic protocols to increase the yield of target products were developed. Conclusions. Based on the study, it was found that the most promising directions for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on aminothiophenes are the use of microwave radiation and multicomponent reactions, which can significantly reduce the reaction time and increase the yield of products. The key structural fragments responsible for the manifestation of specific biological activity have been identified. It is shown that modification of the amino group and introduction of additional heterocyclic fragments significantly affect the spectrum of biological action of the obtained compounds. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs based on aminothiophene derivatives and the optimisation of their synthesis methods.

INTERACTIONS IN THE Tl2Se–Zn(Cd, Hg)Se–GeSe2 SYSTEMS

Andrii SELEZEN, Lyubomyr GULAY, Mykola MOROZ, Lyudmyla PISKACH — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The nature of the physicochemical interaction in the quasi-ternary Tl2Se–Zn(Cd, Hg)Se–GeSe2 systems was studied using X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and microstructural analysis. Five new quaternary compounds were discovered in these systems: Tl2ZnGe3Sе8, Tl2СdGeSе4, Tl2СdGe3Sе8, Tl2HgGeSе4, and Tl2HgGe3Sе8. The existence of 7 small single-phase regions on the isothermal section of the Tl2Se–ZnSe–GeSe2 system was established at 570 K. They correspond to α, β, γ, δ, ε, η – solid solutions based on Tl2Se, ZnSe, GeSe2, Tl4GeSe4, Tl2GeSe3, respectively, and on the Tl2ZnGe3Sе8 compound. These single-phase fields are separated by 12 two-phase fields, between which there are 6 three-phase regions (α–β–δ, δ–β–ε, ε–β–Tl2ZnGe3Se8, ε–Tl2ZnGe3Se8–η, η–Tl2ZnGe3Se8–γ, γ–Tl2ZnGe3Se8–β). The nature of the physicochemical interaction in the Tl2Se–ZnSe section has been established, and the type of phase diagram is categorized as peritectic (Lр + β ↔ a). The isothermal section of the Tl2Se–CdSe–GeSe2 system at 570 K contains 9 single-phase regions: α, β, γ, δ, ε, η, ζ, σ, and θ. These fields correspond to solid solutions based on the compounds Tl2Se, CdSe, GeSe2, Tl4GeSe4, Tl2GeSe3, Tl2Ge2Sе5, Cd4GeSе6, Tl2СdGeSе4, and Tl2СdGe3Sе8, respectively. They are separated by 17 two-phase equilibria, between which there are 9 three-phase regions (α–β–δ, δ–β–σ, δ–σ–ε, ε–σ–θ, ε–θ–η, η–θ–γ, γ–θ–ζ, θ–β–ζ, σ–β–θ). The Tl2Se–CdSe section belongs to a eutectic type (Le ↔ a + β) with negligible solubility. The concentration triangle of the quasi-ternary system Tl2Se–HgSe–GeSe2 at 520 K contains 10 single-phase fields: α-, β-, γ-solid solutions based on binary compounds Tl2Se, HgSe, GeSe2; δ-, ε-, η-solid solutions based on ternary compounds Tl4GeSe4, Tl2GeSe3, Tl2Ge2Sе5, respectively, and four more compounds: Tl2Hg3Sе4, Hg2GeSе4, Tl2HgGeSе4, Tl2HgGe3Sе8. They are divided by 19 two-phase equilibria (α–Tl2Hg3Sе4, Tl2Hg3Sе4–β, α–δ, δ–ε, ε–η, η–γ, γ–Hg2GeSе4, Hg2GeSе4–β, δ–Tl2Hg3Sе4, δ–β, δ–Tl2HgGeSе4, ε–Tl2HgGeSе4, η–Tl2HgGeSе4, η–Tl2HgGe3Sе8, Tl2HgGe3Sе8–γ, Tl2HgGeSе4–β, Tl2HgGe3Sе8–β, Tl2HgGe3Sе8–Hg2GeSе4, Tl2HgGeSе4–Tl2HgGe3Sе8), between which there are 10 threephase regions. The crystal structure of the Tl2ZnGe3Sе8 and Tl2HgGe3Sе8 quaternary compounds was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. These chalcogenides are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic system SG P212121 (ST Cs2CdGe3Se8).

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE QUATERNARY SYSTEM LA-LI-NI-GE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 400 °С

Andrij STETSKIV, Volodymyr PAVLYUK — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In the work, using X-ray, phase and structural analyses and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, the interaction of components in the La-Li-Ni-Ge system in the LaGe-LiGe-NiGe-Ge region was studied. The alloys were obtained by melting stoichiometric amounts of constituent elements and then annealing at 400 °C for 480 hours. Identification, calculation and indexing of diffractograms, refinement of parameters of elementary cells was carried out using packages of LATSON, POWDER CELL-2.3 programs. and WinCSD. Determination and refinement of the crystal structure by the powder method was performed using the FullPro program. For experimental determination of the amount of Lithium used the method of flame photometry. o confirm the phase composition of a number of the obtained system samples, the method of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used. In the experimentally studied area, for the first time, it was found that on the section between the triple compounds of LaLiGe2 and LaNiGe2 there are limited solid solutions of substitution of LaLixNi1 - xGe2 compounds (x = 0–0.31) (structural type SeNiSi2, Pearson symbol oS16, space group Cmcm, a = 0.4307–0.4309; b = 1.6905–1.6919; c = 0.4237–0.4239 nm) and LaLi1 - xNixGe2 (x = 0–0.32) (structural type CaLiSi2, Pearson symbol oP16, space group Pnma, a = 0.7851–0.7836; b = 0.4010–0.3997; c = 1.0884–1.0866 nm). Based on the ternary phase of the La2LiGe6, the minimum solubility of Nickel was established and, accordingly, the formation of a solid solution of the composition of La2Li1 - xNixGe6 (x = = 0–0.24) (structural type Pr2LiGe6, Pearson symbol oS18, space group Cmmm, a = 0.4187–0.4185; b = 2.1113–2.1110; c = 0.4391–0.4390 nm). The boundaries of the detected solid solutions were established according to the graphs of the change in the volume of elementary cells when replacing Lithium with Nickel and vice versa. The existence of five ternary compounds (LaNiGe2, LaNiGe3, LaNi0.5Ge1.5, LaLiGe2, La2LiGe6) is confirmed. Quaternary compounds of point composition are not formed in the region of the experiment.

ON THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFYING THE PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR TRAINING FUTURE VOCATIONAL TEACHERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION

Vasily BARLADIN — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose of the work. The steady trend of upgrading approaches in the field of educational management is currently being transformed into the concept of optimizing the quality of education. This trend is gaining particular importance against the background of the global digitalization of the educational environment, the need to ensure the proper level of competitiveness of educational institutions and improve the process of training future teachers of vocational education. New conditions dictate the need to properly ensure pedagogical conditions for the training of future specialists. The purpose of the article is to analyze the aspects of identifying pedagogical conditions for the training of future teachers of vocational education in higher education institutions. Methodology. In the process of working on the article, a number of general scientific research methods were applied, including analysis of literary sources, comparison, systematization and generalization. The study belongs to the category of descriptive and includes case studies and analysis of secondary data. Scientific novelty. The study found that for effective modeling of the educational process, it is necessary to provide for a stage of detailed planning of the process of integrating digital solutions and ensuring appropriate pedagogical conditions. The modern vision of the definition of «pedagogical conditions» is clarified. The concepts of cooperation, adaptability and personalization in the educational sphere are analyzed against the background of the intensive integration of digital technologies, which are characteristic of the European experience. The need for personalization of the educational process and ensuring the creation and development of an individual educational environment is substantiated. Conclusions. The results of the study of the problem of identifying pedagogical conditions for the training of future teachers demonstrate that the proper development of management processes in the educational sphere guarantees the quality of the acquired skills and abilities of participants in the educational process. It is proven that the effective use of the potential of innovative digital tools within modern learning strategies contributes to the optimization of cognitive activity, the advancement of critical thinking and the formation of sustainable professional competencies, which in synergy ensures the successful formation of teachers of vocational training in the process of obtaining higher education.

FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION AND ADVISORY ENVIRONMENT OF A VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTION

Olha HULAI, Oleksandr SUSHYK, Olha REDKO — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article analyses the trends in vocational education in Ukraine over the past decade. With a view to adapting a vocational education institution to the modern challenges of the labour market and improving the quality of training, the possibility of creating a digital information and consulting environment in an educational institution is considered. The concept of the information and consulting environment of an educational institution, principles and methodological approaches, tools for pedagogical consulting using information and communication technologies are analysed. The main functions of the information and consulting environment are specified. The information function is to provide access to up-to-date and structured information about curricula, qualification standards, the labour market and other important aspects of education. The counselling function provides students and teachers with expert advice on education, career choice and career development. The diagnostic function includes monitoring of academic performance, determining the level of training and educational needs. The interactive function promotes flexible learning and distance learning through modern ICT. The coordination function involves coordinating the work of teachers, students, administration and employers. The professional development function provides professional development through trainings, courses (EdEra, Prometheus), and internships. The methodological function includes the development and dissemination of teaching materials in accordance with educational standards. A SWOT-analysis of the functioning of the information and advisory environment of the State vocational educational institution «Lutsk Higher Vocational School» is carried out. The main strengths and weaknesses are highlighted, opportunities and threats are outlined. The digital environment of a vocational education institution provides information exchange and advisory support for the subjects of the educational process and is an important component of the information society.

POSSIBILITIES OF A PERSONALITY-ORIENTED APPROACH IN THE FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS

Mykhailo DEMIANCHUK, Olena GASHYNSKA, Olena GORSKA — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose of the work. Among the main goals of professional medical education, a significant role is given to the formation of communicative competence, which, in addition to the formation of basic skills, involves the mastery of competencies in recognizing the value and demonstrating respect for intersubject differentiation, tolerance and critical thinking. Of particular importance in this context is the personality-oriented methodological approach, which places the person himself, with his advantages and individual characteristics, at the center of educational activity. The purpose of the article is to analyze the potential of a personality-oriented approach to the formation of communicative competence of students of medical colleges. Methodology. The study belongs to the category of descriptive and includes case studies and analysis of secondary data. In the process of research, the structural-logical method, analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction were used. Scientific novelty. The article considers the concept of the formation of interdisciplinary connections, which has the functionality of an integrated approach to the development of communicative skills. It is established that the studied process requires the formation of a stable ability of adequate mutual understanding in students, the desire to democratize relationships with participants in the professional communication process. It is emphasized that projects of a personalityoriented concept are important educational tools of the pedagogical strategy for the formation of life skills, including communication skills, cross-culturality and professional ethics. Conclusions. It is substantiated that the modern social space requires from physicians special attention to the concept of a culture of tolerance, the search for ways of its development. It is proven that the effective use of the potential of integrated classes and innovative digital tools within the framework of the strategy of personality-oriented learning contributes to the optimization of cognitive activity, the advancement of critical thinking and the sustainable development of an aesthetic worldview, which in synergy ensures the successful formation of communicative competence in the process of obtaining professional medical education in college.

THE ROLE OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY AS A TOOL FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Nataliya DUB — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

An organic component of modern curricula that reflect the correlation of academic life with the world of cultures, societies, and meanings in the global, changing space of higher education is the academic mobility of students with disabilities. The current agenda of higher medical education is saturated with a global trend aimed at strengthening integration for innovations as a property of the emergence of open systems, taking into account interaction in a heterogeneous environment. Academic mobility is now a context, principle, form, and mechanism of the educational policy of the state and university. It is summarized that the issue of ensuring academic mobility opportunities for students with disabilities is considered within the framework of a personality-oriented approach and appeals to the expansion of theoretical and practical experience necessary for application in future professional and educational activities, as well as for professional and personal development. It is emphasized that an important step towards ensuring academic mobility of students with disabilities is the use of information and communication technologies, computer learning (online courses and programs) in educational practice. Academic mobility is determined by the environment in which a student with special educational needs and disabilities is located, the system of social relations with society, built on the basis of subject-subject interaction, the goals of the subjects’ activities, and personal characteristics. The development of academic mobility in students with disabilities will contribute to their successful preparation for future employment and self-realization in the profession, and increase competitiveness. The specificity of ensuring academic mobility of students with disabilities in medical educational institutions lies in the need to take into account the fact that its development is influenced by objective and subjective factors. The objective factor complicating its organization is determined to be spatial and environmental conditions, the level of accessibility to all programs implemented by the higher education institution. Subjective factors include the individual picture of the student’s disability. It is generalized that ensuring academic mobility of students with disabilities in medical educational institutions is based on personnel, information, educational and methodological, organizational, material and technical, spatial, psychological and pedagogical resources of the mobile educational environment.

MODELING THE TRAINING OF FUTURE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY SPECIALISTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS FOR THE USE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS

Roman LUTSYSHYN — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose of the work. The study of methodological and organizational aspects of training specialists in the field of digital technologies is being updated against the background of the general transformation of the higher education environment. The purpose of the article is to develop a model for training future specialists in the field of information technologies in higher education institutions to use adaptive systems. Modeling allows you to develop a visual scheme for practical support of the effectiveness of educational activities in the established direction. Methodology. The following methods were used in the research process: theoretical – for studying scientific and methodological materials, generalizing information; pedagogical modeling method – for the purpose of studying pedagogical objects by modeling the structural-content, procedural and conceptual characteristics of the educational process. Scientific novelty. The main directions of improving the system of training future specialists in digital technologies are analyzed, including the use of interactive and immersive teaching methods. The main competencies of specialists in the field of information technologies that should be formed in the process of higher education are highlighted. The emphasis is on the concept of forming interdisciplinary connections within the proposed model. Within the proposed model, target, content, procedural, educational-technological and result-diagnostic components are distinguished. Conclusions. The complementarity and interdependence of individual components of the proposed model are established. It is proven that modeling is an effective method of organizational support for the process of training future digital technology specialists in higher education institutions for the use of adaptive systems.

TYPES OF MASS EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN BIOLOGY, FEATURES OF PREPARATION AND ORGANIZATION OF MASS EVENTS

Svitlana LIULENKO — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the main types of mass extracurricular activities in biology and the specifics of their implementation in general secondary education institutions. The authors analyze the theoretical foundations of organizing such events, their role in developing students’ cognitive interest, environmental awareness, and research skills. It is determined that mass extracurricular activities are a powerful tool for fostering ecological thinking, responsible attitudes toward the environment, and rational use of natural resources. The study explores the features of preparing and organizing mass events, identifying key pedagogical principles that ensure their effectiveness: systematic planning, practical orientation, the use of innovative methods, and interdisciplinary integration. The importance of engaging students in active activities through project work, environmental campaigns, competitions, quizzes, expeditions, and excursions is emphasized. Problems that arise during the organization of mass extracurricular work are analyzed, including the lack of adequate material and technical resources, low motivation of participants, limited time for teachers, and insufficient preparation of educators for implementing such initiatives. Practical recommendations are provided to overcome these challenges, including the use of interdisciplinary approaches, cooperation with scientific institutions and public organizations, and involving experts. The article includes an analysis of modern scientific and methodological approaches to conducting extracurricular events in biology and outlines the prospects for developing this area in the context of modern educational reform. The importance of integrating theoretical knowledge of biology into students’ practical activities is emphasized, contributing to knowledge consolidation, the development of research competencies, and students’ environmental awareness.

EMISSIONS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS BY MOTOR VEHICLES IN THE MYKOLAIV CITY DURING THE WAR

Kostiantyn GRYGORIEV — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the study of actual emissions of chemical pollutants by groups of city public and transit vehicles. The author analyzes the gross emissions of chemical compounds from public motor vehicles in the city, and presents a comparative analysis of emissions of CO, NO, NO2, SO2, non-methane volatile organic compounds, methane, ammonia, CO2, and benzopyrene from different groups of vehicles used in the city’s transport system. The purpose of the study was to investigate the anthropogenic load on the urban ecosystem from public transport, using the example of Mykolaiv as an example. The research materials were: data on the public transport infrastructure of Mykolaiv for 2022–2024. The article shows that the transport system of Mykolaiv is an important part of the city and regional infrastructure, providing communication with other cities and districts. The predominance of small cars with diesel engines in the city’s transport infrastructure affects the emissions of environmental pollutants into the city’s atmospheric space. Calculations of emissions of chemical compounds from public transport in Mykolaiv for 2024 are presented. It is shown that public transport with diesel engines emits 2 times more nitrogen dioxide and oxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and benzopyrene. Public vehicles with gasoline engines emit up to 10 times more CO, up to 2 times more SO2, and up to 3 times more CO2. It is shown that the emissions of greenhouse gases CO2 by freight transit transport are 2 times higher than those of public urban transport. The necessity of mandatory implementation of environmental initiatives in the city, supplementing the environmental monitoring of atmospheric air in cities with intensive traffic flows with indicative measurements is shown. Further research is planned to focus on finding practical measures to improve the city’s transport infrastructure with the introduction of well-known environmental initiatives. This will help to adapt the city’s transport system to the requirements of the times, creating a sustainable mobile space for residents, as well as bringing it closer to European transport systems for climate change adaptation and sustainable energy development of cities.

ADSORBENTS OBTAINED BY NITRIC ACID INTERCALATION AND ALKALINE ACTIVATION OF ANTHRACITE

Volodymyr KUCHERENKO, Yuliia TAMARKINA, Anastasia REDKO, Irina FROLOVA — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Determination of the adsorption properties of carbon adsorbents (CAs) obtained from anthracite by nitric acid intercalation followed alkaline activation. Methodology. Intercalation with the formation of anthracite nitrate was carried out by blowing anthracite with vaporphase HNO3 (57 %) at 140 °C. Activation with the formation of CAs was performed by heating anthracite impregnated with alkali (KOH) up to 800 °C with an isothermal holding of 1 h, cooling, washing from alkali and drying. The CA porosity characteristics were evaluated using low-temperature (77K) nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (2D-NLDFT-HS method). Adsorption measurements were performed at 25 °C and a constant CA content (1 g/L) in aqueous solutions. Adsorption kinetics data were calculated using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models and intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption isotherms were approximated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Originality. For the first time, the adsorption of 4-chlorophenol (CPh), methylene blue dye (MB) and lead cations from aqueous solutions (25 °C) by new adsorbents was investigated. Adsorption equilibrium was found to be reached in 2–4 h depending on the adsorbate. The adsorption kinetics obeys a pseudo-second-order equation. The initial rates increase in the adsorbate series MB < Pb(II) < CPh and differ in magnitude by 49 times. The adsorption rate is limited by the interaction of adsorbates with surface adsorption centers. The adsorption isotherms are better approximated by the Langmuir model than by the Freundlich one. The saturated layer capacities of adsorbates, calculated from the Langmuir model, are the largest in the anthracite nitrate adsorbent, increase in the order Pb(II) < MB < HF and are 1.80 mmol/g, 2.34 mmol/g and 4.90 mmol/g, respectively. The degree of adsorbate extraction increases with decreasing concentration in water and reaches 99.7 % for CPh and 90 % for MB and Pb(II) cations. The efficiency of compound extraction by adsorbents in the first minute is ≤ 4.6 % for MB, ≤ 20.9 % for ≤ 4.6 % for Pb(II) and ≤ 50.7 % for CPh. The obtained characteristics of the adsorption activity of anthracite adsorbents justify their high efficiency in purifying water from ecotoxicants.

ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACT ON VYNNYCHENKO STREET IN THE CITY OF LUTSK

Zoryana LAVRYNYUK, Olha KARAIM, Vira DUBENSKA — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

One of the pressing environmental issues in urbanized areas is noise pollution, which increases annually in line with the growing number of vehicles on city streets. This negatively affects both human health and overall quality of life. In Ukraine, particularly in regional cities, noise pollution levels often exceed sanitary standards. The city of Lutsk is no exception, with Vynnychenko Street being one of the noisiest areas due to its high traffic intensity, as it is located in the city center. Along Vynnychenko Street, there are buildings of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University and residential areas, making the study of its noise pollution levels highly relevant and important. The aim of the study is to assess the level of noise pollution caused by road traffic on Vynnychenko Street in Lutsk. The study analyzes noise intensity during different seasons and compares the obtained results with the sanitary standards set for residential zones. The research was conducted during the autumn and winter of 2023–2024, from 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM. Measurements were taken using the Smart Sensor AR814 Digital Sound Level Meter, with a range of 30–130 dB and a frequency range of 31.5 Hz to 8.5 kHz. Data processing was performed using statistical methods. The environmental assessment of noise pollution was carried out by comparing the obtained results with sanitary standards for permissible noise levels in respective areas. The results of the study revealed an exceedance of permissible noise levels, especially at points with the highest traffic intensity. The highest noise levels were recorded at the control point near the Central Department Store (TsUM) and on Moisei Avenue. Seasonal variations in noise pollution levels were not very pronounced due to the limited number of green plantings, which provide noise screening effects in the autumn. Existing restrictions on two-way traffic and the prohibition of heavy vehicle movement have shown positive results. Additionally, to achieve a stable improvement in mitigating noise impact, the modernization of the road surface is necessary. Increasing the number of green spaces along Vynnychenko Street is also appropriate. Expanding noise pollution monitoring to other streets in Lutsk is a promising direction to obtain a clearer picture of the problem.

MONITORING OF STAND MORTALITY IN ZVIRIVSKE FORESTRY

Liudmyla SAVCHUK, Roman SHULYPA — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The loss of tree stands is one of the key environmental problems of Zvirivske Forestry, which affects the stability of forest ecosystems. Forests not only fulfill an important ecological function, but also serve as a habitat for numerous species of flora and fauna that form a unique ecosystem of the region. The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamics of tree mortality in Zviriv forestry in 2019–2021, to determine the main causes of this process. The main aspects of the study of stand mortality in the forestry include analyzing the scale of mortality, assessing the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors, and identifying effective measures to reduce forest loss. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, which includes: 1) Determination of the area of death and the possibility of natural recovery in the of natural recovery in the affected areas. 2) Study of the main causes of the forests’ death, including diseases, pests and anthropogenic pressure that led to the intensive spread of these diseases and pests. 3) Developing recommendations to reduce the loss of stands. The research was conducted in the period from 2020 to 2025. For the first time, we systematized and analyzed the key causes of forest loss. The study used modern methods of forest monitoring. Particular attention was paid to determining the area of stand mortality and analyzing the dynamics of this process in 2019–2021. The results of the study show a gradual increase in the area of stand mortality in 2019 and 2020 compared to 2021. The main causes of losses are the spread of diseases and pests (insects). In response to these challenges, Zvirivske Forestry is developing measures to reduce the loss of forest areas, including selective and clear-cutting felling; biological methods of tree species protection.