TERMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION OF TEXTS IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AT THE LEXICAL, GRAMMATICAL AND STYLISTIC LEVELS

Abstract

The article deals with the problematic terminological translation features of professional transport industry texts, as well as the essence of professional language containing transport terms. Talking about the history of the study of professional languages, it should be noted that traditionally, most attempts of their scientific analysis were limited to the description of relevant vocabulary. Subsequently, the focus of scientific interest was, first of all, the systematisation of vocabulary terminology. Today, it is the research of the terminological systems, on the basis of which special dictionaries and various terminological directories, glossaries, are compiled. Each scientific field operates on its own terms which constitutes the essence of its terminological system. When a term is defined, it emphasizes its functionalsemantic side, because the term, should ideally refer to one of the most basic concepts of a particular branch. Researchers focus their attention on the the term’s basic function - the ability to express a scientific concept, also pointing at other properties of the term (such as its compatibility) that are optimal for its functioning in the term system, differentiating it from common vocabulary. In our article, based on specific examples, we describe the most commonly used lexico-semantic and lexico-grammatical transformational ways of transferring terminological units into Ukrainian at lexical, grammatical and stylistic levels. The analysis revealed the basic methods of translation including: transcription (reproduction of the sound of the word of the original), transliteration (transfer of graphic form), calque (translation of components of the word with their integration into a whole word), literary replacement (replacement of a similar syntactic structure structure of the language of translation), borrowing (as the simplest way of translation, which allows filling the content gaps), modulation (variation of the message, by changing the point of view) and others. The knowledge of strategic techniques allows to adequately convey the content of the transport texts and avoid ambiguity in linguistic interpretation.