STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ELLIPTIC SENTENCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Abstract

Goal. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the functioning of an elliptical sentence in modern English, the study of its structural features and cognitive-communicative characteristics. Methodology. The methods of structural-grammatical, semantic-syntactic, functional-communicative analysis were used in the work which were applied taking into account the organic unity of semasiological and onomasiological principles of interpretation of speech and speech phenomena. The scientific novelty is to prove the integrative nature of the ellipse as a symbiosis of the process and result of harmonization of the form and content of speech messages. The starting point of the work is the understanding of the ellipse as one of the active phenomena of syntactic derivation, aimed at simplifying the material structure of the sentence which is based on the ergonomics of the sentence. The result of this process is an elliptical sentence that can be formed on the principles of both paradigm and syntagm. In the first case it is historically systemic, in the second – situationally and contextually determined. It is proved that the syntactic ellipse is a phenomenon of two orders: in it process and result intersect and interact; its procedural side is the cognitive and logical basis for the generation of thought, effective – its compact arrangement in real communication conditions. Elliptical arrangement of a sentence is not involuntary, but in accordance with clearly defined patterns that outline the ways and means of using the sentence in its materially incomplete form without violating the meaning. As a combination of process and result, an elliptical sentence is one of the effective ways to harmonize the form and content of speech messages. The scope of the ellipse in communicatively autonomous units is limited to intra-sentence frames. It is used as a means of enhancing imagery, contrast, expression which contributes to the mental-speech harmonization of the message, the mechanism of which is based on implications. In a discursively related statement the ellipse has an external sentence. Its actualization occurs through integration into supra-phrase unity with its motives, guidelines, tactics and strategies. The most favorable communicative environment for him is conversational, journalistic and advertising discourses. Conclusions. The article defines the role and place of the ellipse among related and related phenomena, the means of distinguishing it from them with the subsequent selection of its types, classes and subclasses. Particular attention is paid to linguocognitive modeling of various structures, variants and invariants of elliptical sentences. In terms of functional and communicative perspective, a thorough analysis of elliptical sentences is carried out, taking into account the actual articulation, communicative dynamism and act-speech structure. An elliptical sentence is presented in two modes of its use – as an autonomous predicative unit and as a communicatively connected, in which the use of the ellipse is enhanced by the motives, attitudes and tactical and strategic principles of speech activity.