PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION IN A SCIENTIFIC TEXT

Abstract

The article aims to investigate a German-language scientific text, the essence of which is to reflect a certain system of knowledge, for which structured unity and integrity are an inherent feature. Methodology. Special attention is paid to describing the prerequisites for the existence of any text: at the text level, there is not a simple connection of units of all previous levels, but their integration, the creation of a new quality. The correlation of relations between objects, phenomena in objective reality and connections between structural elements in the text is emphasized. It is found that the hierarchy and multi-level nature of a scientific text belong to the main principles of its functioning: individual levels of the text as a system determine the configuration of its structural and content elements, and the interaction of all levels forms integrity. A corpus of scientific texts is analyzed taking into account the type of text (scientific, educational, popular science) and the features of the distribution of scientific information in the text field. Scientific novelty. It has been established that the basis of scientific information is universal mental operations for its processing and assimilation in the form of knowledge, which is the basis and condition for the distribution of information in the text into interacting dominant and background blocks of information. It has been found that terms, being special cognitive-informational units that accumulate scientific/professional knowledge, play the role of the dominant in the form of quanta of information (accumulation of main information), and non-terminological vocabulary plays the role of the background on which terms function. It has been determined that in accordance with the gradation of scientific texts, the processes of terminologization and determinologization of linguistic units and a different ratio of terminological and non-terminological vocabulary (reduction of one and increase of the other) are traced. Conclusions. Clarifying the specifics of the distribution of information in a scientific text as a ratio of dominant and background makes it possible to determine the features of the ratio of terminological and non-terminological vocabulary, which allows developing new directions in terminology, in the interpretation of the language of science.