PRESENTATION OF THE ROLE OF THE ROMA IN PAINTING AND PERCEPTION OF THEIR CULTURE BY THE SOCIETY IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Abstract

The article analyzes the evolution of artistic images of Roma in European art of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The transition from stereotypical, exotic images of Roma to realistic pictures of their everyday life is considered. The works of leading painters on the Roma theme are analyzed, in particular T. Barker, A. Pettenkofen, G. Herkomer, and others. Particular attention is paid to the activities of English philanthropists and fighters for Roma rights, such as J. Crabb, J. Borrow and G. Seabright, who largely shaped the public image of Roma, which was reflected in European art. The peculiarities of the realistic depiction of Roma life in the painting of the 19th century are considered. The connection between the development of social ideas and the transformation of artistic images of Roma is traced. The purpose of the article is to trace the transformation of artistic images of Roma from romantic, stereotypical images to realistic pictures of their everyday life. To reveal the connection between the change in public perceptions of the Roma and the evolution of their artistic images. To investigate the influence of individual artists, in particular English romantic artists, on the formation of ideas about Roma in European art. Therefore, the goal is a comprehensive study of the image of Roma in European painting of the studied period in the context of cultural and historical processes. The relevance of the research is determined by several factors. First, fine art is an important source for studying the history and culture of different peoples. In this context, the subject of the depiction of Roma in European painting is interesting and understudied. Secondly, the analysis of artistic images of Roma allows us to trace the evolution of the attitude of European society towards this ethnic group. This is especially relevant against the background of modern discussions about multiculturalism and Roma integration. Thirdly, the topic of representation of "other" and "alien" cultures in art is extremely important in the conditions of globalization and the growth of cultural diversity of societies. The research will contribute to a better understanding of the processes of formation and transformation of cultural images and stereotypes, as well as intercultural communication in the past and present. Research methodology. An art history approach is used, which involves a comprehensive analysis of works of art in a cultural and historical context. Methods of iconographic analysis are used – identification of iconographic features of the image of Roma. The method of stylistic analysis is the determination of stylistic characteristics of works on the Roma theme. Cultural-historical approach – analysis of works in the context of historical and cultural processes. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the evolution of artistic images of Roma in European painting of the specified period has been comprehensively investigated. Features of the transformation of images of Roma from romantic to realistic images have been revealed. The relationship between the change in public perceptions and images of Roma in art is analyzed. The contribution of leading European artists to the development of the Roma theme in painting is studied. For the first time, the role of English romantic painters in the formation of ideas about Roma in European painting is considered.