MODERN UKRAINIAN DECORATIVE CERAMICS, ITS MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to identify and classify the main types of modern Ukrainian decorative ceramics according to various purposes and directions. Methodology. Different research methods are used in the research. Namely, the method of theoretical generalization allows in this study to classify and define the main types and directions of Ukrainian decorative ceramics, to formulate conclusions and prospects for the development of this study. Also, methods of analysis, classification and systematization were used for in-depth study of the topic and generalization. The scientific novelty of the study was that, for the first time, the classification of modern Ukrainian decorative ceramics was carried out and four main groups were formed according to the criteria: functional, aesthetic, technological, operational. Formulated criteria for each of the groups. Functional-decorative ceramics can be divided into: functionalutility, functional-aesthetic, functional-compositional. In the article, according to aesthetic criteria, decorative ceramics can be divided into the following classifications: by color, by composition, by style. The technological methods of creating decorative ceramic elements are considered and it is indicated that, according to the method of formation, such types as planar, textured, relief and three-dimensional can be distinguished. As for the operational characteristics of ceramics, the article defines the main criteria, which include: the level of environmental comfort and a number of other problems that are solved by the use of ceramic materials that create the optimal microclimate of the room, their safety and lightness using. It is emphasized that the reliability of ceramic products is determined by the change in their physical characteristics and moral aging. Namely, the change in physical characteristics occurs under the influence of the external environment, both climatic (physico-chemical factors) and material (mechanical and physical factors). The decisive criterion for the quality of ceramic materials for use in the interior is the operational characteristics, presented in the diagram and given in the article. As a result of the study, three main groups of decorative ceramics were determined according to the environment of use. Namely, depending on the field of application, decorative ceramics of various types can be divided into: interior, exterior and garden and park, which can have different functional purposes and correspond to the following purposes: functional-utility, functional-aesthetic and functional-composite. Conclusions. As a branch of decorative art, Ukrainian ceramics is constantly developing and always remains modern, acquires new functions and needs constant study.