FEATURES OF CLARINET PARTS IN THE SYMPHONIC WORKS OF J. HAYDN

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to study the role and features of clarinet parts in the symphonic works of the outstanding Austrian composer Joseph Haydn. The analysis focuses on the composer's late symphonies, in particular the London Symphonies, which demonstrate Haydn's innovative approach to the use of the clarinet in the orchestra of the late eighteenth century. The article examines the timbral characteristics of the clarinet, its melodic and harmonic functions, as well as its dramatic role in Haydn's symphonic structures. Particular attention is paid to Symphonies No. 99 and No. 103, where clarinet parts play a significant role in creating musical drama and revealing the composer's artistic intentions. The research methodology is based on a detailed analysis of the scores, as well as a contextual approach to the study of historical and musical sources. The article demonstrates how Haydn, experimenting with new instrumental possibilities, contributed to the development of symphonic music and the expansion of the orchestral palette of his time. The scientific novelty lies in the small number of studies by domestic scholars on the integration of the clarinet into the orchestra of the classical era, its development and formation in it. Due to the fact that the composer had little time to use this instrument in his works, his role in popularizing the instrument is diminished, which I believe is wrong. The article presents new approaches to the study of Haydn's instrumentation and musical drama through the prism of the clarinet. A systematic study of the melodic and harmonic functions of clarinet parts in Haydn's symphonies is carried out. It has been found that clarinets not only complement strings and other wind instruments, but also often play key roles in conducting themes and creating harmonic support. The influence of the use of clarinets in Haydn's symphonies on the further development of symphonic music, in particular on the work of composers of subsequent generations, is determined. The author outlines how Haydn's experiments with clarinets contributed to the evolution of orchestral practice. Conclusion: the study of the features of clarinet parts in the symphonic works of Joseph Haydn allowed for a deeper understanding of his innovative approach to orchestration and the role of this instrument in the musical structures of the late eighteenth century. The analysis of the later symphonies, in particular the London Symphonies, demonstrates how the use of clarinets enriched the timbre palette of the orchestra and added new expressive possibilities.