VIOLA ART OF THE «KYIV AVANT-GARDE» COMPOSERS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

The focus of our study is «Kyiv Avant-Garde», which has recently attracted the attention of connoisseurs of Ukrainian musical culture thanks to festivals, numerous interviews with composers representing it, and presentations of the anthology «Kyiv Avant-Garde of the 1960s-70s». Scientific study of the works of the Kyiv avant-garde composers advanced during the 2010‑2020s with the appearance of analytical studies of Ukrainian composers Alla Zahaykevych, Oleksii Voitenko and musicologists Yurii Chekan, Olesia Naidyuk, Lyubov Morozova, as well as Russian researchers Marianna Vysotska and Halyna Hryhorieva. «Kyiv Avant- Garde» is the most common name in Ukrainian musicological ateliers although some researchers prefer the term «avantgardists of the Kyiv School» or «Ukrainian Avant-Garde». Synonymous with the «Kyiv Avant-Garde» is the name Borys Lyatoshynsky School, the formation of which is marked by a radical genre and stylistic renewal of Ukrainian music. The object of research is the creative work of the composers of the «Kyiv Avant-Garde» for viola in the context of European musical avant-gardism and modernism of the twentieth century, and the subject is the genre and style features of viola art of Leonid Hrabovsky, Volodymyr Zahortsev and Ivan Karabyts. «Kyiv Avant-Garde» is an informal group of composers of the 1960s that included Valentyn Sylvestrov, Leonid Hrabovsky, Volodymyr Huba, Vitalii Hodziatsky, Volodymyr Zahortsev, Vitalii Patsera, later joined by Ivan Karabyts, Yevhen Stankovych, and Oleh Kyva. Poland became a kind of «window to Europe» for the composers of the «Kyiv Avant-Garde», from where they received scores of famous authors: Krzysztof Penderecki, Witold Lutoslawski, Kazimierz Serocki, Henryk Mikolaj Gorecki, Bohuslav Schaeffer (these composers were adherents of the sonorous concept of music). Creative work of L. Hrabovsky, V. Zahortsev, I. Karabyts for viola demonstrates a new understanding of the sound image of the viola, its timbre capabilities.