FORMATION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF FRENCH SCIENTIFIC VOCABULARY

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to analyze the main stages of formation of French scientific vocabulary as a reflection of the processes of socio-historical development of society, to establish the peculiarities of the dynamics of normalisation and nomination of scientific concepts in the French language. Methodology. The general and special linguistic methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparative-historical and descriptive-analytical methods were used in the study. The main source of replenishment of French scientific vocabulary were classical languages such as Greek and Latin. Since the 16th century, linguists have been regulating the norms and rules of the French language. Under the influence of humanism, the Reformation, Calvinism, the French vernacular became national language and in the middle of the XVII century official one throughout the French state. François Mahlerb, a theorist in the field of literary language standardization, formulated three requirements for language: correctness, clarity, purity (correction, clarté, pureté). During the Enlightenment (le siècle des Lumières) (18th century), there were tendencies in French linguistics to clarify the semantics of words. Scientific and technological progress (XX century) has contributed to the formation of a language layer, which was needed to define new concepts in the field of physics, chemistry, engineering and technology. In addition, the French language has a large number of anglicisms, which appeared in various fields: the press, television, trade, economics, banking, household vocabulary, etc. Conclusions. Scientific vocabulary has come a long way in historical development. The medieval era contributed to the emergence of neologisms, translations from classical languages in the fields of philosophy, medicine, pedagogy, mechanics and astronomy. The emergence of new words that denominated abstract concepts, qualitatively enriched the vocabulary of the French language. In the XX century, scientific vocabulary was intensively enriched with new lexical units and structured in different terminological systems.