PROBLEMS OF THEODICE IN THE VIEWS OF J. BOHEM AND H. V. LEIBNITZ: SOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

The genesis of the problem of theodicy in the sociocultural tradition of the late Middle Ages and modern times is analyzed through the prism of understanding the meaning of human existence, the nature of evil and good, justice and benevolence. The formation of ethical and philosophical issues in the views of J. Boehme and H. Leibniz is traced. It is noted that the theme of theodicy has a centuries-old history in European culture and is present in almost all religious systems. For the first time, it arises in the form of a question about the intervention of a higher power in the fair distribution of benefits and punishments. The aim of the article is to carry out a socio-cultural analysis of the theoretical and methodological basis of the problem of good and evil in the philosophical views of J. Boehme and H.V. Leibniz on the basis of philosophical-hermeneutic and cultural approaches. Scientific novelty. The article carries out a sociocultural analysis of the problem of theodicy (divine justification) through the prism of the history of the intellectual culture of Europe in the late Middle Ages and modern times. The fruitful development of J. Boehme and H. Leibniz in the development of the problem of theodicy is substantiated, and the establishment of both mystical and rationalist directions of consideration of the range of issues concerning the nature of world and human evil is indicated. In the conclusion, it is noted that the sociocultural analysis of the problem of theodicy (divine justification) through the prism of the history of the intellectual culture of Europe in the late Middle Ages and modern times allows to substantiate the fruitful development of J. Boehme and H. Leibniz in the development of the problem of theodicy, the establishment of both mystical and rationalistic directions of consideration of the range of issues , which touch on the nature of worldly and human evil, Divine justice and reach the fertile field of meaningful life issues, which entered the core of 21st century philosophies. Further development of the problem of theodicy and the range of issues related to it concerns German classical philosophy and various variants of existential and personalistic philosophy of the 19th-20th centuries, which will be the subject of subsequent scientific investigations.