APPROXIMATION IN PHYSICS LABORATORY CLASSES AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES

Abstract

The article discusses the methods of approximation of experimental data in the course of a laboratory practicum in physics at technical universities. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the fact that the choice of an approximation method determines the success and correctness of determining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the objects under study. The problem is to choose the right approximation method to solve specific practical problems.The paper reviews scientific publications and studies on the chosen topic, provides the basic concepts and definitions of the approximation theory. Two types of approximation are defined: strict mathematical and physical (technical) approximation. The methods are analyzed, the requirements for approximation of experimental data are specified and formulated. The general task of approximation is defined – the correct choice of the approximating function. The concepts of curve smoothing and the least squares method are revealed. The types of approximation used in the MS Excel computer programs are defined. The possibility of using linear approximation by the least squares method in physical research is considered. Mathematical formulas related to this method are presented. The peculiarities of the methodology for performing laboratory work using physical approximation for first-year students are indicated, taking into account their insufficient basic mathematical training to perform calculations. A specific example is used to demonstrate the application of the least squares method used in a physics laboratory workshop. The relevant calculations are presented, the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen method are determined, and a conclusion is made about the feasibility of its application.The direction of further research of other types of approximation for the purpose of their effective implementation in the educational process in physics is determined.