MULTISPECTRAL LIDAR SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Abstract

The article presents the theoretical foundations of the functioning of multispectral LiDAR (MSL) systems, their hardware implementation, methodological approaches to data acquisition and processing, as well as outlines the key areas of practical application of this technology. The fundamental architecture of MSL is considered, which includes radiation sources operating at various wavelengths, scanning mechanisms, optical receiving modules, photodetector systems, and auxiliary navigation components (GPS/IMU). Particular attention is paid to the use of supercontinuum lasers and frequency doubling techniques to expand the spectral range. It is emphasized that a key advantage of MSL is the capability of simultaneous acquisition of both spatial and spectral information while maintaining high spatial resolution.The potential of MSL in providing accurate spectral discrimination of materials and structural elements based on spectrally sensitive reflected signals is analyzed. The article describes digital signal processing algorithms, including radiometric calibration, atmospheric distortion compensation, and machine learning techniques applied for classification, segmentation, and visualization of multidimensional data. Empirical results indicate a high object recognition accuracy using MSL data, which significantly exceeds the performance of traditional single-wavelength LiDAR systems and passive multispectral imagery.The study outlines the main applied directions for the use of multispectral LiDAR, including agro-monitoring, forestry, geodesy and cartography, environmental monitoring, urban planning, geology, and archaeology. It is demonstrated that the synergy of spatial and spectral data opens new possibilities for interpreting complex natural and anthropogenic systems.Market trends are also analyzed, highlighting a steady increase in investments in the field of MSL technologies and the infrastructure needed for their integration into multisensor platforms. In particular, significant growth of the global LiDAR market is anticipated, which also encompasses the multispectral segment.