TRENDS AND SCIENTIFIC DIRECTIONS OF MODERN AND CLASSIC IDEAS ON THE FORMATION OF LEGAL AWARENESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

Abstract

The application of law, which determines the functioning of legal concepts, is based on an understanding of the essence, elements, mechanisms and procedures. The purpose of the study is the analysis and systematization of ideas about legal awareness in the context of its understanding within the framework of modern and classic ideas, concepts of schools and provisions, determination of the main trends, directions and perspectives of research. The task of the research is to carry out a systematic analysis of the main directions and schools of law research and legal phenomena, the study of scientific ideas about legal consciousness, the analysis and comparison of various positions on the study of legal consciousness, the study of the strengths and weaknesses of each concept. There are such schools and areas of understanding law and legal awareness. School of natural law. The divine right, the perfect idea of the world and the place of man in this world, given from above, is presented a priori as being built on the principles of harmony and understanding, and only the human will, which goes against its own convictions of conscience and decency, violates this order. The state is recognized as a collective mind in the form of a lawmaker, which seeks to understand the existing order, but it is not possible to do this in full, since it is built according to laws higher than the laws of man and the level of his understanding. Within the framework of the theory of natural law, the main directions are: psychological, sociological, historical. The Ukrainian philosophical and legal school defines law as the result of a transcendental or divine order of being; the nature of the spirit, the desire for an ideal and justice, which, however, cannot be realized because it is built within the framework of the changing state and legal reality. The positivistic school of law has the following directions: normative, juridical-positivist, statist. The school of legal positivism defines by its characteristics: law is state coercive decrees in the form of universally binding norms and rules regardless of their content, law and law are defined as a single whole and it is positive when it is written, the positivity of law is determined by the fact that it is actually active We can talk about law and legal awareness as a natural or social formation, which is determined by social needs and opportunities to ensure the implementation of universally binding norms.