SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION ACQUIRES: HISTORICAL ASPECT

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of social adaptation of students of higher education to new living conditions. The results of the theoretical analysis of the concept of "social adaptation" are presented, the main approaches in the history of psychology to the interpretation of this concept are defined and analyzed (natural scientific approach, sociological approach, psychological approach). Within the framework of the specified approaches, in the period of the 19th–20th centuries, scientists were singled out and characterized their theories and views on the concept of "social adaptation": the theory of "mimicry", accommodation, assimilation, adaptation syndrome, phenotypic adaptation, interactionist concept of adaptation, etc. The main researches of foreign and Ukrainian scientists in the period of 10–20 years of the 21st century are analyzed. The main angles of research by Ukrainian scientists on the social adaptation of higher education students are highlighted: adaptation to learning conditions, adaptation of students with limited physical capabilities in the conditions of an inclusive educational space, psychological support for social adaptation, psychological adaptation of students from distant families, socio-psychological factors of adaptation, etc. Foreign scientists study social adaptation in connection with: sociocultural adaptation; academic performance; mental health of students; the relationship between personal competencies and professional adaptation, job satisfaction; socio-psychological support of the individual during adaptation in a new socio-cultural environment; with cognitive distortions, symptoms of depression; child trauma; inclusive profile; social identity; stress; communicative competence; adverse experiences. The main conditions affecting the social adaptation of the applicants are highlighted (psychosocial well-being, optimization of learning and teaching, development of successful career training, intercultural interaction, creation of a favorable educational environment).