MEN'S AND WOMEN'S ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN UKRAINE IN PEACETIME AND WARTIME

Abstract

A survey of 640 individuals was conducted to determine their agreement with stereotypical judgements about sexual violence in peacetime and wartime. The results showed that between 10% and 30% of respondents agreed with stereotypes and myths about sexual violence in peacetime. Вetween 10 % and 43 % of those interviewed agreed with the stereotyping of sexual violence in war. These stereotypes can contribute to self-blame and stigmatization of victims. Young women typically reject patriarchal perceptions of sexual violence, while older women often hold stereotypes. Stereotypes are also prevalent among both young and older men, more so than among women in general. A comparative analysis revealed that men's responses to all the guidelines are more patriarchal and stereotypical than women's responses. In general, individuals tend to be more outraged and condemn sexual violence in peacetime, and they are more willing to seek ways to support victims. Patriarchal attitudes towards peacetime sexual violence have been shown to be associated with the adoption of stereotypes about wartime sexual violence. In Ukraine, as in many other countries, family ties and influence may play an important role in survivors' decisions. This may include pressure to ignore the incident or not seek help in order to 'preserve family honour'. Survivors may be afraid of shaming their family or being blamed for provoking the violence and therefore not seek legal, social or psychological help. Ukrainian society, like many other societies, has its own traditions and cultural differences that influence attitudes towards victims of sexual violence. In Ukraine, there is a need to develop and implement gender-sensitive approaches and programmes that take into account the specific needs of victims of both sexes. In order to overcome the negative impact of gender stereotypes, comprehensive measures are needed, such as educational campaigns, raising public awareness, training of professionals working with victims and the development of inclusive support programmes. Ukraine's cultural and religious specificities have a significant impact on approaches and methods of working with survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). The target group for psycho-education and training of staff working with victims is primarily women. Men need more time to overcome prejudices and stereotypes about sexual violence in peacetime and conflict.