PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF REHABILITATION MILITARY SERVICEMEN DURING THE TRANSITION TO CIVILIAN LIFE: CHALLENGES AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES

Abstract

The article considers the current problem of rehabilitation of military personnel during the transition to civilian life. The main methods of psychological assistance in the rehabilitation of military personnel are described (cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive trauma therapy, exposure therapy), and a structured approach to multimodal rehabilitation is presented. The key stages of intervention are highlighted, the challenges of modern practice are summarized, and recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of psychological support programs for military personnel are outlined. The main models and approaches to organizing psychological assistance to military personnel are considered. Each of them has its own goal, methods and implementation format, but all are aimed at reducing the psychotraumatic consequences of service and restoring the individual's resources. Each of the listed models has its own scope and indications. The highest efficiency is demonstrated by the integration of several approaches, taking into account the context of service, the individual needs of the serviceman and the resources of the support system. It is described that the «community–family–military unit» model allows building a multidisciplinary support network, where each of the three levels complements the interventions of the others. The process of adaptation of servicemen to civilian life after service in military units is extremely complex and multifaceted. Military service often involves specific experiences that form personal characteristics, social ties and psychological state. Return to civilian life requires significant efforts from former military personnel to restore psychological balance, overcome stress and adapt to new social, economic and cultural realities.