MODELLING THE DYNAMICS OF AQUATIC AND COASTAL PLANT COMMUNITIES IN POST-MILITARY CONDITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/pcsd-2023-2-7Keywords:
wetlands, ecological systems theory, military factors, synphytoindication, forecasting ecosystem changesAbstract
The activity of hostilities in the Russian-Ukrainian war has reached an unprecedented scale. It causes damage not only to the economy, people's lives and health, but also transforms the environment. Studying the type of these changes and their intensity is an important procedure for determining ecological risks and developing algorithms for the future restoration of natural ecosystems. During the study of the Shcherbynchyk river valley near the village of Moschun, we determined that the groups of aquatic microphytes belong to 9 associations united in 4 unions, 3 orders and 3 classes. The habitats formed by them are meso-eutrophic and eutrophic reservoirs and coasts. As a result of hostilities, chemical and physical factors created by them act on the river valley – short-term and prolonged, direct and indirect. Short-term factors are thermal and mechanical effects, including hydroacoustic and vibration, during ammunition explosions. Physico-chemical factors act for a longer time. The associations Lemnetum minoris, Lemno-Salvinietum natantis, Potametum natantis, Numpharo lutei-Nymphaetum albae, Trapetum natansis, Phragmitetum australis, Typhetum angustifoliae are the most sensitive to changes in the level of acidity. The least sensitive will be the Glycerietum maximae and Iridetum pseudacori associations. The indirect effects of hostilities can be divided into three main groups: siltation, eutrophication, and accumulation of plant-available nitrogen. A decrease in the value of the long-term wetting regime leads to a gradual transition to eutrophic swamps and wet meadows. As a result of eutrophication, including due to the accumulation of available nitrogen, aquatic macrophyte communities are degraded. In the coastal part, the combination of nitrification with an increase in the level of anthropogenic transformation causes the formation of ruderal coenoses of the Bidentetea tripartiti class.
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