DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ EXPERIMENTAL COMPETENCIES THROUGH THE STUDY OF DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Abstract

The development of experimental skills occupies a central place in the modern education system, particularly in technical and natural science fields. When studying physical phenomena, especially oscillatory processes, the practical component is no less important than the theoretical one, as it enables a deeper understanding of the essence of the studied processes. The investigation of oscillations in an RLC circuit provides an opportunity to directly connect theory with practice. Observing damped oscillations, where the amplitude gradually decreases due to energy losses, allows students to clearly trace complex physical laws that can be studied under laboratory conditions. Performing such an experiment involves not only measurements but also data analysis, interpretation, and presentation of results, all of which contribute to the development of a wide range of professional skills. During the experiment, students acquire several key competencies: they learn to plan research (define objectives, select instruments and methodologies), gain hands-on experience working with measuring equipment such as oscilloscopes, multimeters, and power supplies. They also learn to organize and process data, plot graphs, determine oscillation parameters – period, frequency, and damping coefficient – compare experimental results with theoretical calculations, identify possible discrepancies, and draw generalized conclusions. An important aspect of the experiment is understanding how the parameters of the circuit (R, L, C) influence oscillatory behavior. Students experimentally verify the relationships between these quantities, which helps them better comprehend the underlying physical laws. For instance, changing the resistance R affects the damping rate of oscillations and allows observing the transition from oscillatory to aperiodic modes. Such work simultaneously fosters skills in evaluating measurement uncertainties and develops critical thinking in data analysis. The use of modern technologies – computer modeling and specialized software for data processing – significantly enhances the experimental experience. This approach enables not only physical measurements but also comparison with virtual models, deepening the understanding of the relationship between theory and practice. Thus, the study of damped oscillations in an electrical circuit serves as an effective means of comprehensive development of experimental competencies. It contributes not only to mastering the fundamentals of electrodynamics but also to forming analytical thinking, practical instrument-handling skills, and data-processing abilities. This approach ensures not mechanical memorization of facts, but a profound and conscious mastery of knowledge, forming the foundation of the professional competence of future specialists.