KRYMNE LAKE: NATURAL FEATURES, CURRENT HYDROECOLOGICAL STATE, MEASURES OF RATIONAL USE AND PROTECTION

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to develop measures to improve the hydroecological state of Lake Krymne for its rational use and protection. The methodological basis of the research is the works of ukrainian and foreign scientists in the field of limnology and lmnoecology. The methodology of the work involved a combination of the following stages: collection and analysis of materials, use of remote sensing, field studies of the watershed and coast, assessment of water quality, analysis and generalization of results. The scientific novelty of the article is to assess the degree of anthropogenic transformation of the Krymne Lake watershed, to study its hydroecological state, lake water pollution, and to develop measures for the rational use and protection of the lake. Conclusions. The anthropogenic impact on the lake's limnosystem is relatively small. The structure of land within the watershed is dominated by forests, marshes, and a small share of agricultural land and rural settlements. The ionic and saline composition of water is mainly influenced by natural factors, such as lithology and soils in the catchment. The anthropogenic component is low. Concentrations of organic substances (nitrogen and phosphorus) are increasing in the lake water, which indicates its gradual eutrophication. The hydro-ecological condition of Lake Krymne is currently satisfactory, but tends to progressively eutrophicate. This requires the development and implementation of environmental protection measures. They should include: creation of buffer zones, observance of the coastal protection zones regime, modernization of the water supply, sewage and wastewater treatment systems of settlements, elimination of illegal landfills, hydroecological monitoring, bioremediation, and an information and education campaign among local residents.