FORMATION OF FLOOD RUN: FEATURES, PROBLEMS AND CALCULATIONS

Abstract

The work is devoted to issues of constructive geography, in particular, a comprehensive study of the organization of rain runoff in complex conditions, changed by natural processes or the influence of economic activity.The formation of rain floods, which cause significant damage to both people and the national economy. Is influenced by a whole complex of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The relevance of this topic is due to the complex socio-ecological situation in the Dnieper river basins, since for decades aquatic ecosystems have been used for both industrial and agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to analyze factors, both natural and anthropogenic, on the process of forming riverbed runoff, to determine mathematical dependencies for its adequate calculation, which change the natural features of hydrographs. Currently, methods based on both direct instrumental measurements and the construction of various digital models are used to determine the volume of rain runoff. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, hydrological analogy, mathematical statistics, cartography, GIS technologies and a method of comparative assessment of both landscape and ecological characteristics. The study identified the main factors influencing the formation of heavy downpours. The spatio-temporal features of the dynamics of precipitation, the formation of rain floods from them and their impact on erosion processes were highlighted, which made it possible to determine erosion-hazardous territories taking into account modern conditions. The novelty of the work is that the considered process of organization of rain runoff comprehensively reveals the mechanism of its formation in the conditions of modern changes, allows to increase the accuracy of the calculated value and opens up new opportunities for its improvement. The article proposes a number of new approaches to existing mathematical dependencies, built on the basis of the theory of isochrones, for a more accurate representation of the processes of calculating rain runoff costs. The resulting mathematical model can be used to predict rain runoff from various surfaces, both natural and modified due to anthropogenic impact, which can subsequently become the basis for the development of environmental protection measures. The presented set of studies and calculations creates a scientific basis for the development of schemes for rational nature management taking into account anthropogenic changes.