PECULIARITIES OF APPLYING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN THE LESSONS OF THE INTEGRATED COURSE “I EXPLORE THE WORLD”

Abstract

The article discusses the peculiarities of using problem-based learning technology in the lessons of the integrated course "I Explore the World". The key positions of scientists on the issue of improving education at different stages of its formation are highlighted. The contribution of scientists to the creation of concepts for the development of the theory of problem-based learning is assessed. The essence of the concept of "problem-based learning" and its fundamental differences from traditional pedagogical technologies are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of creating a problematic issue as a means of activating productive, creative educational and cognitive activity. The main goals of posing problem situations to junior schoolchildren are identified: stimulation of mental activity; development of communication skills; consolidation and repetition of new material; testing of knowledge. The author identifies 4 main stages of problem solving by primary education pupils, namely: problem awareness, hypothesis formulation, hypothesis proof, and summarizing. A memo-instruction is proposed to facilitate the solution of problematic issues by pupils in the lessons "I Explore the World". Examples of problematic tasks from several educational fields are given, which should be used to develop children's mental activity. It is concluded that in modern conditions, the introduction of problem-based learning technology in primary school is not only appropriate, but also absolutely necessary, because it is the basis for the formation of a fully developed creative personality capable of independent search, accumulation, systematization and logical implementation of the acquired knowledge. The article is of scientific and practical interest for higher education students, primary school teachers, researchers and all those interested in the use of problem-based learning technology in the lessons of the integrated course "I Explore the World".