ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE SURFACE WATERS OF THE SAPALAIVKA RIVER

Abstract

Water resources provide all spheres of human life and economic activity, determine the possibilities for the development of industry and agriculture, the placement of settlements, the organization of recreation and the improvement of people’s health. It should also not be forgotten that almost all large rivers of Ukraine are integrated into a single hydrological system that functions outside the borders of our country. Pollutants that have entered the water in one country can easily migrate to other countries and cause negative consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor, control the quality of water, as well as combine the efforts and means of the states to protect water resources. Water resources provide all spheres of human life and economic activity, determine the possibilities for the development of industry and agriculture, the placement of settlements, the organization of recreation and the improvement of people’s health. It should also not be forgotten that almost all large rivers of Ukraine are integrated into a single hydrological system that functions outside the borders of our country. Pollutants that have entered the water in one country can easily migrate to other countries and cause negative consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor, control the quality of water, as well as combine the efforts and means of the states to protect water resources. In the work, a study of the surface water quality of the Sapalaivka River of the Volyn region during 2019–2020. Data structuring of basic statistical characteristics for a number of chemical indicators of water in the body was carried out. The dynamics of physical and chemical indicators during the specified period were analyzed. A comparative analysis of concentrations of the components of the saline composition of river waters was carried out. An ecological assessment of the surface water quality of the Sapalaivka Sapalaivka River was carried out according to block indices: indicators of salt composition, tropho-saprobiological composition and indicators of specific toxic substances. According to the calculated value of the complex ecological index, the classes and categories of surface water quality according to the degree of their pollution are selected. The classes and categories of water quality determined by these indicators reflect the natural state of the water body and the degree of anthropogenic load, and are also necessary for planning water protection activities, implementing ecological and ecological-economic zoning and mapping. The influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the formation of the chemical composition and quality of river waters of the studied river basin was determined and investigated.