THE ORIGIN OF THE ISSUE OF FORMING THE RHETORICAL COMPETENCE IN FUTURE JOURNALISTS AS AN OBJECT OF THEORETICAL ANALYSIS IN PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE

Abstract

The article describes the origin of the issue of forming the rhetorical competence in future journalists within the framework of pedagogical discourse to determine the degree of scrutiny of the problem under analysis and consideration of the methodological expediency of implementing scholarly achievements over different time intervals in theory and practice of training specialists in various branches of industry. The study of the source base, special literature and theses in today’s educational realities and trends enabled to specify the stages of formation and development of rhetoric as a science, as well as to determine the fundamental changes at the millennium described thoroughly in the works of the scholars studying this problem in a retrospective from the antiquity to the present. This strongly affected the construal of both the content of the concept "rhetorical competence" and the definition of theoretical and methodological foundations for forming the rhetorical competence in specialists in various areas, notably journalism. Consolidation of theoretical developments of philosophers, psychologists, linguists, psycholinguists, teachers and specialists in linguodidactics allows us to ascertain that the scholars interpret the content of the concept of "rhetoric" in different ways depending on the stage of its development. The following definitions are retrieved: the art of controlling the mind; the theory of public speaking; the science of the laws of managing mental and speech activity; the art of persuasion; a tool for educating; the art of words; the art of managing social processes; speech technology; oratorical art; an endowment to seize the mind and heart of the interlocutor; the skill of using speech to transmit information for intellectual and emotional persuasion; a science scrutinizing the laws of making a speech to influence the audience and achieving a certain goal in communication; the doctrine of speech in its broadest meaning, namely about the individual use of language traditions in various circumstances of socio-cultural life. The notion "rhetorical competence of future journalists" is construed as a complex multi-component phenomenon covering mental-and-speech and communicative activity, which allows to produce communicatively expedient utterances in compliance with the norms of the Ukrainian language in an extensive media sphere and in the educational process through the accumulation of the communicative experience, the development of linguistic flair and language stability, assimilation of rhetorical knowledge, formation of skills, abilities and values for flexible construction of one’s own communication strategies relevant to the communicative goals, areas, genres and situations in the journalistic field.