PROBLEMS OF SIMILARITY AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS IN MODERN THEORETICAL PHYSICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/pet-2021-1-10Keywords:
similarity, constants, physical laws, measurement, Stoney, Planck, cosmology, hydrodynamics, Relaxed OpticsAbstract
Problems of similarity and physical constants in modern theoretical and mathematical physics are discussed. Main notions of Descartian method and Newtonian four rules of conclusions in physics as foundation of modern physics are represented. Place of similarity in these methods is shown. Short historical review of creation the basic physical and mathematical constants is represented. Various methods of search the physical constants in main chapter of modern physics (theoretical and experimental) are analyzed. More detail analyze is made for basic fundamental constants: Newtonian gravitation constant, velocity of light, electron charge, Planck constant, Boltzmann constant. Role similarity and constants in the formation of physical laws and theories is analyzed. J. Stoney and M. Planck systems of universal units are represented. The role of Planck system in the modern cosmology is observed. Short comparative analysis of various physical, mathematical and other theories for various chapters of knowledge is made. A place method of similarity and physical constants in the creation theory of informative-physical structures is discussed. A role of similarity in the creation various physical theories is shown. Among them: hydrodynamics, magnetic hydrodynamics, astrophysics, electromagnetic theory of optical laser-induced breakdown of matter. Physical numbers (Reynolds, Nusselt, Rayleygh, Prandtl, Tailor and other numbers) are mathematical forms of formulation the conditions of similarity for corresponding chapters of theoretical and applied physics. Principle of similarity was used for the creation the theory of the Thomson- Benard phenomena for electron gas in semiconductors. Theory of this classical hydrodynamical phenomenon was created by Rayleygh and developed by S. Chandrasekar. Perspective directions of using these methods for the development modern theoretical, mathematical and computer physics the search of new synthetic sciences are discussed too.
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