INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTION OF NEW HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS BASED ON AMINOTHIOPHENES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/pcsd-2025-1-5Keywords:
aminothiophenes, heterocyclic compounds, organic synthesis, biological activity, innovative methods of synthesisAbstract
The development of new heterocyclic compounds based on aminothiophenes is one of the priority areas of modern medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Particular attention is paid to this class of compounds due to their wide range of biological activity and potential for the development of new drugs. Aminothiophenes and their derivatives demonstrate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour properties, which makes them promising targets for further research and development of innovative therapeutic agents. The aim of this work is to systematise and critically analyse modern methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on amino thiophenes, as well as to summarise data on their biological activity to identify the most promising areas for further research in this area. Research methodology. The study used a comprehensive approach to the analysis of scientific literature using a systematic review of publications over the past 10 years in leading international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed). A comparative analysis of synthetic methods, including traditional and innovative approaches (microwave synthesis, green chemistry, multicomponent reactions), was carried out. The data on the biological activity of the obtained compounds were systematised using chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between structural modifications of amino thiophenes and their biological activity was carried out. A new classification of methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic aminothiophene derivatives was proposed, taking into account the principles of ‘green chemistry’. Promising structural fragments for the design of new biologically active compounds were identified. Recommendations for optimisation of synthetic protocols to increase the yield of target products were developed. Conclusions. Based on the study, it was found that the most promising directions for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on aminothiophenes are the use of microwave radiation and multicomponent reactions, which can significantly reduce the reaction time and increase the yield of products. The key structural fragments responsible for the manifestation of specific biological activity have been identified. It is shown that modification of the amino group and introduction of additional heterocyclic fragments significantly affect the spectrum of biological action of the obtained compounds. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs based on aminothiophene derivatives and the optimisation of their synthesis methods.
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