PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOTIVATIONAL AND VALUE-BASED SPHERE OF JUNIOR PUPILS’ PERSONALITY

Abstract

The article reveals the relevance of the problem of developing the motivational and value sphere of primary school students’ personality in the context of implementing the Concept of the New Ukrainian School. It is emphasized that it is during the early school years that the foundations of worldview, moral orientation, social responsibility, empathy, and the ability for constructive interaction are established. At this stage, a positive attitude toward learning is formed, awareness of the significance of one’s own actions emerges, and the first manifestations of internal motivation appear. The article analyzes modern scientific approaches to understanding the structure of the motivational and value sphere of personality, characterizing its main components – motives, needs, emotions, beliefs, value orientations – and their influence on children’s behavior and development. The paper highlights the leading methodological approaches to the development of the value sphere of primary school students: personality-oriented, competence-based, activity-based, axiological, cultural, systemic, and subject-oriented. The possibilities of their practical application in the primary school context are disclosed, particularly during integrated lessons of the course “I Explore the World.” It is shown that effective means of nurturing moral qualities, responsibility, empathy, and social activity include role-playing games, project-based activities, moral and ethical discussions, and the analysis of literary works and folk tales. Special attention is paid to analyzing the factors influencing the development of children’s motivational and value sphere: the emotional atmosphere of learning, the style of pedagogical interaction, family upbringing, cultural environment, and social conditions. The importance of internal motivation as the foundation of stable value orientations and the desire for self-development is emphasized. The article also proposes approaches to assessing the level of development of the motivational and value sphere of primary school students, based on observation, analysis of children’s creative works, and reflection, which makes it possible to trace the dynamics of personal value development in the educational process. The obtained results emphasize the importance of creating educational environments that foster positive self-esteem, a sense of success, and self-confidence in every child.